放射性核種與重金屬的污染在社會中逐漸受到重視，當核種的活性與重金屬的濃度過量時，會藉由土壤或水轉移至食用作物與水體，進而危害食品安全與生活品質。研究結果顯示屏東縣車城鄉，井水各金屬濃度皆高於溫泉水，且分子量越小時差異更加明顯。土壤金屬濃度隨著粒徑的越小則濃度越高。考慮分子量與粒徑之間的質量、體積比時，液體金屬濃度大部分集中在小分子量，土壤HS萃取液金屬濃度大部分集中在大分子量，HS萃取液螢光強度大部分集中在大分子量，與其他國家及世界金屬平均濃度比較，與世界均值相當。土壤輻射核種活度大部分集中在大粒徑，隨著粒徑的降低，40K增高、232Th 和226Ra隨之降低，與文獻有相同趨勢。HS萃取液FI螢光指標主要來源為陸地源與微生物源之間。BIX主要來源為生物或微生物新產生出的DOM，HIX顯示低腐殖化DOM屬於低至中度原生動植物來源螢光物種以類黃酸螢光強度為最高。利用螢光光譜儀、紫外光/可見光分光光度計迅速檢測出光譜特性與金屬、輻射核種之間相關性。

The pollution of radioactive nucleus and heavy metals is concern worldwide. When the nuclear species activity and the concentration of heavy metals are excessive, it will be transferred to food crops and water bodies, thereby jeopardizing food safety and quality of life. The results shown that the metal concentration of the water in the rural wells of Dongxian County was higher than that of hot spring water. The difference in low molecular weight had more noticeable. The soil metal concentration increased with the decreased the particle size. Considering the mass and volume ratio between the molecular weight and the particle size, the concentration of the liquid metals were mostly concentrated in the low molecular weight. The concentration of metals in the soil extracted humic substances (HS) were mostly concentrated in the high molecular weight. The fluorescence intensity was mostly concentrated in the high molecular weight. The average concentration of metals were comparable to other countries worldwide. Most of the soil radiation nucleus activity is concentrated in large particle sizes. As the soil particle size decreased, 40K increased, 232Th and 226Ra decreased, which is the same trend as the literature. The indicator of FI demonstrated the source of the HS was between terrestrial and microbial source. The main source of BIX indicator was the new DOM produced by microorganisms. Indicator of HIX shown that DOM was low humification DOM. Fluorescent data shown that the species of fulvic acid had the highest fluorescence intensity. The correlation between spectral characteristics and metals and radiation species was quickly detected by a fluorescence and UV/Vis spectrometer.

王一雄, 1997, "土壤環境污染與農藥," 明文書局, 初版, No.

王詩銘，2004，南海北部有機碳化學之研究，碩士論文，國立中山大學，海洋地質及化學研究所，高雄。

行政院農業委員會農業試驗所，2013，土壤電導度測定方法，TARI S101.1B。

行政院環境保護署環境檢測所，2000，水中導電度測定方法－導電度計法，NIEA W203.51B。

行政院環境保護署環境檢測所，2001，水中總有機碳檢測方法-燃燒／紅外線測定法，NIEA W530.51C。

行政院環境保護署環境檢測所，2009，土壤酸鹼值（pH 值）測定方法-電極法，NIEA W530.51C。

行政院環境保護署環境檢測所，2019，土壤中重金屬檢測方法－王水消化法，NIEA S321.65B。

行政院環境保護署，2011，土壤及地下水污染整治法第六條第二項。

行政院環境保護署，2003，台灣地區不同土綱土壤中重金屬-總量檢測分析。

李丁來，2007，淨水程序中溶解性有機物之去除：生物濾床及污泥毯澄清池之操作評估，碩士論文，國立交通大學環境工程研究所，新竹。

周明玄，2011，鴛鴦湖湖水溶解性有機碳之來源探討，碩士論文，國立台灣大學，生態學與演化生物學研究所，台北。

放射性元素簡介，2011，http://www.teacher.aedocenter.com/mywebB/nbook-7/vs-14.htm。

張義賢, 1997, "重金属对大麦 (Hordeum vulgare)," 环境科学学报, Vol. 17, No. 2,

楊昌英 and 邹雪, 1998, "微量元素钒铬生理生化功能对比," 微量元素与健康研究, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 76-77.

經濟部水利署，2010，https://www.wra.gov.tw/。

經濟部水利署第七河川局，2018，https://www.wra07.gov.tw/。

葉庭伃，液體導電度測定，2012。

Crow, Principles and Applications of Electrochemistry,1994.

陳尊賢，臺灣問題土壤與重金屬污染診斷，2009。

李仲祥，2016，生物程序影響腐植質光學特性以及結合金屬特性研究，國立屏東科技大學，環境工程與科學系，屏東。

Ademola, A. K., Olaoye, M. A., Abodunrin, P. O. J. J. o. R. R., and Sciences, A., 2015, "Radiological safety assessment and determination of heavy metals in soil samples from some waste dumpsites in Lagos and Ogun state, south-western, Nigeria," Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 148-153.
Anderson, P. and Christensen, T. H., 1988, "Distribution coefficients of Cd, Co, Ni, and Zn in soils," Journal of soil science, Vol. 39, No. 1, pp. 15-22.
Battin, T. J., 1998, "Dissolved organic matter and its optical properties in a blackwater tributary of the upper Orinoco river, Venezuela," Organic Geochemistry, Vol. 28, No. 9, pp. 561-569.
Birdwell, J. E. and Engel, A. S., 2010, "Characterization of dissolved organic matter in cave and spring waters using UV–Vis absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy," Organic Geochemistry, Vol. 41, No. 3, pp. 270-280.
Birdwell, J. E. and Engel, A. S. J. O. G., 2010, "Characterization of dissolved organic matter in cave and spring waters using UV–Vis absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy," Vol. 41, No. 3, pp. 270-280.
Buffle, J. J. E. p., 1992, "The use of filtration and ultrafiltration for size fractionation of aquatic particles, colloids, and macromolecules," No. pp. 171-230.
Burdige, D. J., Kline, S. W., and Chen, W., 2004, "Fluorescent dissolved organic matter in marine sediment pore waters," Marine Chemistry, Vol. 89, No. 1, pp. 289-311.
Cai, Y. and Guo, L., 2009, "Abundance and variation of colloidal organic phosphorus in riverine, estuarine, and coastal waters in the northern Gulf of Mexico," Limnology and Oceanography, Vol. 54, No. 4, pp. 1393-1402.
Camobreco, V. J., Richards, B. K., Steenhuis, T. S., Peverly, J. H., and McBride, M. B., 1996, "Movement of heavy metals through undisturbed and homogenized soil columns," Soil Science, Vol. 161, No. 11, pp. 740-750.
Chen, W., Westerhoff, P., Leenheer, J. A., and Booksh, K., 2003, "Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix regional integration to quantify spectra for dissolved organic matter," Environmental science & technology, Vol. 37, No. 24, pp. 5701-5710.
Chin, Y.-P., Aiken, G., and O'Loughlin, E., 1994, "Molecular weight, polydispersity, and spectroscopic properties of aquatic humic substances," Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 28, No. 11, pp. 1853-1858.
Choubey, V. M., Bist, K., Saini, N., Ramola, R. J. A. r., and isotopes, 1999, "Relation between soil-gas radon variation and different lithotectonic units, Garhwal Himalaya, India," Vol. 51, No. 5, pp. 587-592.
Coale, K. H. and Bruland, K. W., 1988, "Copper complexation in the Northeast Pacific," Limnology and Oceanography, Vol. 33, No. 5, pp. 1084-1101.
Croué, J.-P., Benedetti, M., Violleau, D., and Leenheer, J., 2003, "Characterization and copper binding of humic and nonhumic organic matter isolated from the South Platte River: Evidence for the presence of nitrogenous binding site," Environmental science & technology, Vol. 37, No. 2, pp. 328-336.
Edzwald, J. K., Tobiason, J. E. J. W. S., and Technology, 1999, "Enhanced coagulation: US requirements and a broader view," Vol. 40, No. 9, pp. 63-70.
El-Taher, A., Madkour, H. J. A. R., and Isotopes, 2011, "Distribution and environmental impacts of metals and natural radionuclides in marine sediments in-front of different wadies mouth along the Egyptian Red Sea Coast," Vol. 69, No. 2, pp. 550-558.
Frimmel, H. and Frank, W., 1998, "Neoproterozoic tectono-thermal evolution of the Gariep Belt and its basement, Namibia and South Africa," Precambrian Research, Vol. 90, No. 1, pp. 1-28.
Haitzer, M., Aiken, G. R., and Ryan, J. N., 2003, "Binding of mercury (II) to aquatic humic substances: Influence of pH and source of humic substances," Environmental science & technology, Vol. 37, No. 11, pp. 2436-2441.
Haitzer, M., Höss, S., Traunspurger, W., and Steinberg, C., 1998, "Effects of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on the bioconcentration of organic chemicals in aquatic organisms—a review—," Chemosphere, Vol. 37, No. 7, pp. 1335-1362.
He, X., Xi, B., Wei, Z., Guo, X., Li, M., An, D., and Liu, H., 2011, "Spectroscopic characterization of water extractable organic matter during composting of municipal solid waste," Chemosphere, Vol. 82, No. 4, pp. 541-548.
Helms, J. R., Stubbins, A., Ritchie, J. D., Minor, E. C., Kieber, D. J., and Mopper, K., 2008, "Absorption spectral slopes and slope ratios as indicators of molecular weight, source, and photobleaching of chromophoric dissolved organic matter," Limnology and Oceanography, Vol. 53, No. 3, p. 955.
Helms, J. R., Stubbins, A., Ritchie, J. D., Minor, E. C., Kieber, D. J., Mopper, K. J. L., and Oceanography, 2008, "Absorption spectral slopes and slope ratios as indicators of molecular weight, source, and photobleaching of chromophoric dissolved organic matter," Vol. 53, No. 3, pp. 955-969.
Huguet, A., Vacher, L., Relexans, S., Saubusse, S., Froidefond, J.-M., and Parlanti, E., 2009, "Properties of fluorescent dissolved organic matter in the Gironde Estuary," Organic Geochemistry, Vol. 40, No. 6, pp. 706-719.
Hunter, K. A. and Leonard, M. W. J. G. e. C. A., 1988, "Colloid stability and aggregation in estuaries: 1. Aggregation kinetics of riverine dissolved iron after mixing with seawater," Vol. 52, No. 5, pp. 1123-1130.
Hur, J. and Kim, G., 2009, "Comparison of the heterogeneity within bulk sediment humic substances from a stream and reservoir via selected operational descriptors," Chemosphere, Vol. 75, No. 4, pp. 483-490.
Hur, J., Lee, D.-H., and Shin, H.-S., 2009, "Comparison of the structural, spectroscopic and phenanthrene binding characteristics of humic acids from soils and lake sediments," Organic Geochemistry, Vol. 40, No. 10, pp. 1091-1099.
Kalbitz, K., Solinger, S., Park, J.-H., Michalzik, B., and Matzner, E., 2000, "Controls on the dynamics of dissolved organic matter in soils: a review," Soil science, Vol. 165, No. 4, pp. 277-304.
Labanowski, J., Sebastia, J., Foy, E., Jongmans, T., Lamy, I., and van Oort, F. J. E. P., 2007, "Fate of metal-associated POM in a soil under arable land use contaminated by metallurgical fallout in northern France," Vol. 149, No. 1, pp. 59-69.
Lapworth, D. J. and Kinniburgh, D., 2009, "An R script for visualising and analysing fluorescence excitation–emission matrices (EEMs)," Computers and Geosciences, Vol. 35, No. 10, pp. 2160-2163.
Lead, J., Hamilton-Taylor, J., Davison, W., and Harper, M. J. G. e. C. A., 1999, "Trace metal sorption by natural particles and coarse colloids," Vol. 63, No. 11-12, pp. 1661-1670.
Leenheer, J. A., Dotson, A., and Westerhoff, P. J. A. o. E. S., 2007, "DISSOLVED ORGANIC NITROGEN FRACTIONATION," No.
Leenheer, J. A. J. A. o. E. S., 2009, "Systematic approaches to comprehensive analyses of natural organic matter," Vol. 3, No. pp. 1-130.
Ma, H., Allen, H. E., and Yin, Y., 2001, "Characterization of isolated fractions of dissolved organic matter from natural waters and a wastewater effluent," Water research, Vol. 35, No. 4, pp. 985-996.
Mayer, L. M. J. G. e. C. A., 1982, "Aggregation of colloidal iron during estuarine mixing: Kinetics, mechanism, and seasonality," Vol. 46, No. 12, pp. 2527-2535.
McKnight, D. M., Boyer, E. W., Westerhoff, P. K., Doran, P. T., Kulbe, T., and Andersen, D. T., 2001, "Spectrofluorometric characterization of dissolved organic matter for indication of precursor organic material and aromaticity," Limnology and Oceanography, Vol. 46, No. 1, pp. 38-48.
Muchuweti, M., Birkett, J., Chinyanga, E., Zvauya, R., Scrimshaw, M. D., Lester, J. J. A., Ecosystems, and Environment, 2006, "Heavy metal content of vegetables irrigated with mixtures of wastewater and sewage sludge in Zimbabwe: implications for human health," Vol. 112, No. 1, pp. 41-48.
Opezalonso, M., Benedito, J., Miranda, M., Castillo, C., Hernández, J., and Shore, R., 2000, "The effect of pig farming on copper and zinc accumulation in cattle in Galicia (North-Western Spain)," The Veterinary Journal, Vol. 160, No. 3, pp. 259-266.
Parlanti, E., Wörz, K., Geoffroy, L., and Lamotte, M., 2000, "Dissolved organic matter fluorescence spectroscopy as a tool to estimate biological activity in a coastal zone submitted to anthropogenic inputs," Organic Geochemistry, Vol. 31, No. 12, pp. 1765-1781.
Parlanti, E., Wörz, K., Geoffroy, L., and Lamotte, M. J. O. g., 2000, "Dissolved organic matter fluorescence spectroscopy as a tool to estimate biological activity in a coastal zone submitted to anthropogenic inputs," Vol. 31, No. 12, pp. 1765-1781.
Rani, A., Mittal, S., Mehra, R., Ramola, R. J. A. R., and Isotopes, 2015, "Assessment of natural radionuclides in the soil samples from Marwar region of Rajasthan, India," Vol. 101, No. pp. 122-126.
Shaheen, S. M., Tsadilas, C. D., and Rinklebe, J., 2013, "A review of the distribution coefficients of trace elements in soils: Influence of sorption system, element characteristics, and soil colloidal properties," Advances in colloid and interface science, Vol. 201, No.1 pp. 43-56.
Sholkovitz, E., Boyle, E., Price, N. J. E., and Letters, P. S., 1978, "The removal of dissolved humic acids and iron during estuarine mixing," Vol. 40, No. 1, pp. 130-136.
Sholkovitz, E. and Copland, D. J. G. e. C. A., 1981, "The coagulation, solubility and adsorption properties of Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni, Cd, Co and humic acids in a river water," Vol. 45, No. 2, pp. 181-189.
Sholkovitz, E. J. G. e. C. A., 1976, "Flocculation of dissolved organic and inorganic matter during the mixing of river water and seawater," Vol. 40, No. 7, pp. 831-845.
Wang, Z.-L. and Liu, C.-Q. J. C. G., 2003, "Distribution and partition behavior of heavy metals between dissolved and acid-soluble fractions along a salinity gradient in the Changjiang Estuary, eastern China," Vol. 202, No. 3-4, pp. 383-396.
Wang, Z., Wu, Z., and Tang, S. J. W. r., 2009, "Characterization of dissolved organic matter in a submerged membrane bioreactor by using three-dimensional excitation and emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy," Vol. 43, No. 6, pp. 1533-1540.
Wells, M. L., Smith, G. J., and Bruland, K. J. M. C., 2000, "The distribution of colloidal and particulate bioactive metals in Narragansett Bay, RI," Vol. 71, No. 1-2, pp. 143-163.
Wen, L.-S., Santschi, P., Gill, G., and Paternostro, C. J. M. C., 1999, "Estuarine trace metal distributions in Galveston Bay: importance of colloidal forms in the speciation of the dissolved phase," Vol. 63, No. 3-4, pp. 185-212.
Wilson, B., Pyatt, F. J. E., and safety, e., 2007, "Heavy metal dispersion, persistance, and bioccumulation around an ancient copper mine situated in Anglesey, UK," Vol. 66, No. 2, pp. 224-231.
Wu, F., Evans, D., Dillon, P., and Schiff, S. J. J. o. A. A. S., 2004, "Molecular size distribution characteristics of the metal–DOM complexes in stream waters by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and high-resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)," Vol. 19, No. 8, pp. 979-983.
Wu, J., Luther III, G. W. J. L., and Oceanography, 1994, "Size‐fractionated iron concentrations in the water column of the western North Atlantic Ocean," Vol. 39, No. 5, pp. 1119-1129.
Yu, K.-C., Tsai, L.-J., Chen, S.-H., and Ho, S.-T. J. W. R., 2001, "Chemical binding of heavy metals in anoxic river sediments," Vol. 35, No. 17, pp. 4086-4094.