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研究生: 許心柔
Hsu, Hsin-Jou
論文名稱: 翡翠水庫保護區食蛇龜(Cuora flavomarginata)季節性之溫度生態
Seasonal Thermal Ecology of the Yellow-margined Box Turtle (Cuora flavomarginata) in a Wildlife Refuge of Northern Taiwan
指導教授: 陳添喜
Chen, Tien-Hsi
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 獸醫學院 - 野生動物保育研究所
Institute of Wildlife Conservation
畢業學年度: 107
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 51
中文關鍵詞: 食蛇龜溫度生態溫度調節度冬
外文關鍵詞: Cuora flavomarginata, thermal ecology, thermoregulation, overwintering
DOI URL: http://doi.org/10.6346/THE.NPUST.WC.007.2019.D03
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  • 本研究於2017年5月至2018年9月,以翡翠水庫食蛇龜野生動物保護區內野生食蛇龜(Cuora flavomarginata)為對象,使用無線電追蹤及小型溫度記錄器,探討其季節性溫度生態。由無線電追蹤個體背甲溫度、所利用微棲地類型與樣區開闊環境及森林底層對照環境之環境溫濕度比較,探討食蛇龜於不同季節中溫度調節特性、使用棲地類型差異及度冬習性等溫度生態。並與過去於2002-2003年於相同樣區的結果進行比較,以了解其溫度生態在不同年間的變化。於6至9月,不論公母龜皆會避開開闊環境中的高溫,母龜會利用環境溫度高於森林底層的環境,其平均背甲溫度也高於公龜。於10至11月,食蛇龜的溫度調節行為頻度較低。12月至隔年3月,食蛇龜會利用溫度變化較穩定的環境度冬。多數追蹤個體於11月中旬隨環境溫度下降後,出現停止溫度調節行為並陸續移動至度冬地點;於3月下旬至4月中旬當森林底層環境溫度日最高溫上升超過25°C並持續2至5日後,多數追蹤個體會出現溫度調節行為並離開度冬地點。於4至5月環境溫度逐漸上升,多數食蛇龜會於此時結束度冬,並利用環境中溫度較高的棲地以調節溫度,晴天時母龜會透過調節行為使其背甲溫度上升至超過開闊環境溫度。於2017-2018年及2002-2003年之追蹤個體皆歷經50天以上才全數結束度冬,顯示並非所有個體皆於受到相同環境訊號刺激後結束度冬,除了環境溫度變化外,還有其他環境因素會影響食蛇龜度冬期結束時間。夏季或環境溫度過高時部分個體會利用溪谷或倒木等較為陰涼之環境;度冬期剛結束時多數母龜會移動至開闊環境或森林空隙調節溫度,多樣的棲地類型有利於食蛇龜進行溫度調節。

    Seasonal thermal ecology of the yellow-margined box turtles (Cuora flavomarginata) was studied in the Feitsui Reservoir Wildlife Refuge of northern Taiwan. From May 2017 to September 2018, sell surface temperature (TS) of 11 radio-tagged box turtles were recorded by using temperature dataloggers and environment temperature of open habitat (TO) and forested habitat (TF) were also recorded concurrently. In hot seasons (June-September), mean daily maximal TS of females was significantly higher than that of males and TF, indicating that turtles avoided extreme high temperature in open habitats and stayed under vegetated forest. In fall (October-November), turtles thermoregulated less frequently and their TS kept closely to TF. In cold seasons (December-March), they stayed under the forested habitats with relatively minor stable temperature variation as overwinter sites. Most turtles stopped thermoregulation and moved to overwintering sites as TF decreasing sharply in mid-November, and thermoregulated and left overwintering sites after the daily maximal TF attained 25°C or higher for 2-5 consecutive days. In April-May, most turtles left overwintering sites and moved to warmer habitat; females used open habitat more frequently than males on sunny days. Compared to the results obtained in 2002-2003, turtles emerged from overwintering during March and April of both 2003 and 2018, spanning a period of more than 50 days. My results suggest that individual C. flavomarginata may not depend on environmental temperature as cues for emergence from overwintering only, but also some other complex environmental factors. Some turtles stayed in cooler habitats, such as mountain streams or under fallen trees, during consecutive days with extreme high temperature. Most females used open habitats or forest gap after emergence from overwintering, indicating that box turtles may benefit from variety of thermal environments in the habitats for thermoregulating.

    摘要 Ⅰ
    Abstract Ⅲ
    謝誌 Ⅴ
    目錄 Ⅵ
    圖表目錄 Ⅷ
    壹、前言 1
    貳、研究方法 4
    一、研究樣區 4
    二、樣區環境因子測量 4
    三、研究樣區環境特性 5
    四、捕捉標記及無線電追蹤 7
    五、背甲溫度紀錄 8
    六、度冬期及度冬地點 9
    七、棲地類型 9
    八、資料分析 10
    參、結果 11
    一、食蛇龜溫度調節特性 11
    (一) 6至9月(夏季至秋初) 11
    (二) 10至11月(秋季至度冬前) 12
    (三) 12至隔年3月(開始至結束度冬) 13
    (四) 4至5月(結束度冬後至春末夏初) 14
    二、食蛇龜度冬習性 15
    (一) 開始及結束度冬環境訊號 15
    (二) 度冬期之開始、結束與度冬日數 16
    三、棲地類型 17
    肆、討論 19
    一、食蛇龜溫度調節特性 19
    二、食蛇龜度冬習性 20
    三、棲地類型 22
    參考文獻 25

    附錄1、於2016-2018年及2002-2003年研究追蹤食蛇龜個體的編號、性別及背甲溫度記錄期間 46

    附錄2、由2017年至2018年活動季,追蹤食蛇龜個體(n=9)使用的棲地類型紀錄 47

    附錄3、2018年及2017年5月至6月追蹤食蛇龜個體(n=11)使用的棲地類型及活動狀態 48

    附錄4、2017年至2018年冬季,追蹤個體(n=11)度冬地點的地形、坡向及植被類型 48

    照片1、2016年12月至2018年7月間於樣區內設置HOBO溫溼度紀錄器,測量參考點的環境溫濕度。圖A為森林底層,圖B為開闊環境 49

    照片2、九紀山的小型氣象站設置於水池中央,距離湳仔坑約2至3公里,其中包含溫度、濕度及降雨量資料 49

    照片3、圖A:研究期間使用環氧樹脂將無線電發報器黏貼於食蛇龜背甲左側第一側盾,並將天線沿著背甲弧度加以固定。圖B:於食蛇龜背甲後側黏貼以塑鋼土和鐵絲製成的凹槽,將鈕扣型溫度記錄器放置於背甲後側的凹槽內,再使用束線帶將其固定 50

    作者簡介 51


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