政治制度與金融改革－台灣與韓國的比較

Political Institution and Financial Reform: A Comparison between Taiwan and South Korea

黃宗昊(Tsung-Hao Huang) ； 歐陽睿(Ray Ouyang)

《臺灣民主季刊》 9卷1期 (2012/03) Pp. 143-193

https://doi.org/10.6448/TDQ.201203.0143

摘要

台灣與韓國分別從2000年與1998年開始進行了類似的金融改革，但成效差異甚大，韓國的改革成效卓著，台灣的改革卻成效不彰。何以如此？兩國的政治制度影響頗巨。政治制度會引導行動者進行政治互動，並型塑出政策過程的普遍特徵。金大中利用韓國政治制度的特點，建構出國會的多數聯盟以推動政策，這是何以韓國的金融改革能成效卓著。陳水扁則受台灣政治制度的引導走向少數政府，欠缺穩定的國會多數支持，這也導致台灣的金融改革成效不彰。

關鍵字

政治制度 ； 制度配套 ； 金融改革 ； 陳水扁 ； 金大中

並列摘要

South Korea initiated major financial reforms from 1998 to 2000. Taiwan also enacted similar reforms from 2000 to 2006, but the effects were vastly different. In short, the reforms of South Korea were comprehensive and effective compared to the reforms made in Taiwan. Why were the results so different? The key is whether the political leaders of each country obtained stable support from a congressional majority as they endeavored to implement policies. Obtaining stable support in congress is essential for effective policy implementation, and such support is conditioned by political institutions in these two countries. Kim Dae-jung successfully applied the characteristics of the political institutions in Korea to construct a majority coalition in congress to support his policies. The financial reforms in Korea thus thrived. On the other hand, Chen Shui-bian in Taiwan was forced to form a minority government by way of the political institutions in Taiwan. Without a majority of the congress to support his policies, financial reforms in Taiwan were ineffective.

並列關鍵字

political institution ； financial reform ； Kim Dae-Jung ； Chen Shui-Bian

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