This paper describes five new species of the terrestrial pheretimoid earthworms (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) from Taiwan. They are Amynthas tungpuensis sp. nov., Amynthas tayalis sp. nov., Amynthas sexpectatus sp. nov., Amynthas binoeulatus sp. nov., and Metaphire puyuma sp. nov. The former four species belong to the sexthecal sieboldi-species group of the genus Amynthas Kinberg, and the latter to the octothecal malayana-specie s group of the genus Metaphire Sims and Easton.