Kinematic Analysis of Context Effects on Reaching Performance in Normal Adults: A Preliminary Report

正常成人伸臂動作之時空特性：情境效應動量分析

吳菁宜(Ching-Yi Wu) ； 林克忠(Keh-Chung Lin)

《職能治療學會雜誌》 14卷2期 (1996/12) Pp. 139-150

https://doi.org/10.6594/JTOTA.1996.14(2).05

摘要

本文旨在檢測活動情境于正常成人伸臂動作表現上之效應。活動情境之探控涉及下列變項：功能性目標（高或低層級）及物質賦予（豐富或貧乏）。上述兩變項各具兩個層級，經交叉組合後構成本研究之四種實驗境况。
研究樣本包括八位健康年輕女性。在高層級功能性目標的境況下，受測者在實驗者示意下伸展慣用手握取正前方之瓶裝紅茶啜飲；低層級功能性目標僅止於將紅茶攜至嘴邊，而無實際飲用的事實發生。所謂物質賦予的豐富或貧乏則依紅茶瓶上有無商標而定。實驗結果顯示在豐富的物質賦予下執行高層級之功能目標所引發的動作位移，其品質的控制顯著地優於其他受測狀況。此情境效應在另一個依變項即最高瞬間速度則較不明顯。再者如研究假設所預期，於缺乏物質賦予下執行低層級之功能性目標引發了最差的位移控制及最低之最高瞬間速度。本研究發現部分支持下述觀點：活動情境可影響伸臂動作的時空特性。文末以此研究領域值得進一步探討之課題作結論。

關鍵字

情境限制 ； 目標 ； 物質賦予 ； 伸臂動量 ； 動作行為

並列摘要

Context plays an important role in determining the performance or behavior of any individual. This pilot study was conducted to examine the effects of context on reaching kinematics. Context was varied by changing the level of functional goal and the amount of object affordances. Eight healthy young females performed a drinking activity under four experimental conditions, formed by the crossing of functional goal and object affordances. Under the higher level of a functional goal, subjects were asked to take a drink from a bottle of black tea. The lower level of a functional goal involved bringing a bottle of black tea to the mouth. The level of object affordances depended on whether a commercial label on the bottle was present (i.e., the enriched condition) or absent (t e., the impoverished condition).
Results indicated that a higher functional goal with enriched affordances elicited significantly better quality of distance control than the other conditions. A less impressive effect was found for peak velocity. The condition of lower functional goal with impoverished affordances was associated with the least path directnessand the slowest peak velocity. The findings lent some support for the modifiability of kinematics through the enrichment of performance context Recommendations for future research were provided.

並列關鍵字

contextual constraints ； goal ； object affordances ； reaching kinematics ； motor behavior