Continues research and development efforts within the Grid community have produced protocols, services, and tools that address the challenges arising when we seek to build scalable virtual organizations (VOs). The technologies that have evolved from the Grid community include security solutions that support management of credentials and policies when computations span multiple institutions; resource management protocols and services that support secure remote access to computing and data resources and the co-allocation of multiple resources; information query protocols and services that provide configuration and status information about resources, organizations, and services; and data management services that locate and transport datasets between storage systems and applications.