背景:腎臟移植能提供末期腎臟病患更高的存活率及減少醫療支出,要維持移植腎的健康,術後自我照顧行為是首要關鍵。目的:探討腎臟移植病人術後自我照顧行為與其相關因素。方法:採橫斷式相關性研究,以方便取樣在南部某醫學中心收取134位接受腎臟移植術後於門診治療之病人為研究對象。資料收集於2018年9月至12月以結構性問卷進行資料的收集,利用自我照顧行為及疾病知識量表進行資料蒐集,以SPSS 22.0的線性逐步迴歸來找出自我照顧行為的相關因素。結果:本研究顯示腎臟移植病人自我照顧行為得分偏低,平均值為39.8±8.5;疾病知識與自我照顧行為呈正相關。疾病知識和年齡是腎臟移植病人自我照顧行為之重要預測因子,可解釋自我照顧行為19.4%的總變異量。實務/臨床應用:病人疾病知識越好者其自我照顧行為越佳,建議醫療人員在衛教前能優先評估病人的疾病知識程度,並且針對程度較差提供適切的衛教,以改善自我照顧行為。
Background: In comparison with dialysis, kidney transplantation can improve the survival rate and reduce medical expenses, while disease-related knowledge and postoperative self-care play important roles in making the transplanted kidneys function longer inside the recipients. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the Self-Care Behavior and Associated Factors in Patients with Postoperative Kidney Transplant Recipients. Methods: With a cross-sectional, descriptive and correlated research design, 134 participants after kidney transplantation were conveniently recruited from a medical center of Taiwan. Data were collected by using the Chronic Kidney Disease Self-Care Scale and Perceived Kidney Knowledge Survey during the period of September to December in 2018. Data were analyzed by using linear stepwise regression of SPSS version 22.0. Results: The results showed that the score of self-care behavior of kidney transplant patients was 39.8±8.5, which was low, although disease-related knowledge and self-care behavior were positively correlated. Self-care behaviors in kidney transplantation patients with higher disease-related knowledge scores and of older age were better predicted, which explained 19.4% of total variance. Conclusion / Implications for Practice: Based on the results of higher disease-related knowledge scores and the better the self-care behaviors patients had, healthcare teams need to assess the knowledge of patients before health education and provide appropriate education to those with lower knowledge scores, thereby improving self-care behaviors.