Justification of Dangerous Sports and the Question of Values

本文旨在研究危險運動的內存價值。我們是從運動哲學家Russell (2005)所寫的文章”The Value of Dangerous Sport”做爲討論的出發點，他所提出的危險運動價值與自我肯定(self-affirmation)這個名詞相關。根據Russell的西方式主張，自我肯定(self-affirmation)與人類的自我實現(self-realization)的理想具有密切相關。這種對危險運動所產生的思維是源自西方對人類對自我實現的價值觀。在本文，我們用了不同的角度來擴充討論有關危險運動的課題。我們也將東方的禪宗佛教哲學思想Zen Buddhism提出來，用一種無我(selflessness)的價值觀來探討危險運動的另類價值。無我這個價值可做爲一種價值來幫助我們克服理解有關任何自我的概念，並且可引導至直接體驗的奧妙所在。無我的顯現可透過日本的傳統武道(budo)來彰顯，這種武道活動也可算是一種危險運動類型的一種。因此，我們主張自我超越的另一個面向是可以經由東方禪佛思想的“無我”來替代，這樣就可使先前自我肯定(self-affirmation)的目標逐漸衍化成爲無我的境界。所以在本文，我們已拓寬了西方傳統對危險運動的價值討論。

關鍵字

危險運動；價值；無我；武道；禪佛

並列摘要

The aim of this research is to examine values within dangerous sports. We begin by discussing the article, ”The Value of Dangerous Sports” by J. S. Russell (2005), in which such values are associated with self-affirmation. Russell believes that self-affirmation has a close relationship to the ideals of human self-realization, a manner of thinking arising from specifically Western values. In the present article, the discussion is broadened by approaching it from an Eastern perspective based on Zen Buddhism, wherein ”selflessness” is understood as a value to the extent that it helps overcome any concept of the self, thereby leading to direct experiencing of what is. Selflessness is demonstrated through the example of the traditional Japanese martial arts path (budō), which is considered a dangerous sport. Thus, it is argued that an alternative result of self-surpassing can be ”selflessness,” so that the previous aim of self-affirmation can gradually evolve into an understanding that there is no such thing as ”self.” In this way, we have widened the scope of the topic beyond that presented in Russell's article.