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研究生: 施妤璇
Yu-Hsuan Shih
論文名稱: 壹、利用1,5-二氟基-2,4-二硝基苯作為脫水劑來合成異噁唑類衍生物的研究。貳、行高效率且一鍋化的方式來合成硝基環丙烷方法之研究
Synthesis of Bicyclic Isoxazole Derivatives Employing 1,5-Difluoro-2,4-Dinitrobenzene as a Dehydrating Agent;One-Pot, Two Steps Synthesis of Nitrocyclopropane
指導教授: 姚清發
Yao, Ching-Fa
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 化學系
Department of Chemistry
論文出版年: 2009
畢業學年度: 97
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 224
中文關鍵詞: 異噁唑類衍生物硝基環丙烷
論文種類: 學術論文
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  • 本論文共分為兩部分:
    第一部分:雙環異噁唑類化合物不但廣泛的存在於多種天然物以及具有生物活性化合物的結構當中,而且雙環異噁唑類化合物在有機合成的應用上可經由不同的還原條件,來將氮-氧單鍵轉換成一系列 1,3-位置具有不同官能基的有機化合物,而進一步合成出具有生物活性的生物鹼或藥物,因此異噁唑類化合物在有機合成上的價值已是無庸置疑的。本部份論文只要研究將不同取代基之硝基苯乙烯衍生物分別與烯丙基丙二酸二甲酯或是炔丙基丙二酸二甲酯反應下可得到高產率之中間產物硝基烷化合物2與4後,之後再以1,5-雙氟基-2,4-二硝基苯與DBU作用下,可以合成出高產率的雙環異噁唑類衍生物3及雙環異噁唑啉類衍生物5。
    第二部份: 具硝基環丙烷官能基在藥物及天然物合成的應用上非常廣泛,根據過去的文獻報導,通常是利用已溴化的丙二酸二甲酯與硝基苯乙烯在鹼性環境下合成硝基環丙烷化合物,本研究的策略則是利用一鍋化的方式將丙二酸二甲酯與硝基苯乙烯在鹼的存在下先進行Michael加成反應進而生成加成化合物後,之後再使用NBS溴化試劑產生溴化中間產物並接著進行脫去反應來合成中等至不錯產率的一系列硝基環丙烷衍生物。

    There are two parts in this dissertation. The first part includes the synthesis of biologically active heterobicyclic compounds such as bicyclic isoxazolines and isoxazoles by using 1,5-difluoro-2,4- dinitrobenzene (DFDNB) as an efficient dehydrating agent in the presence of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) as the base. Structurally divergent aromatic nitroolefins were reacted with allyl and propargyl malonates to give the corresponding bicyclic isoxazolines and isoxazoles in excellent yields. This protocol was proved better in terms of yields and selectivity in comparison with previous literature reports.

    The second part of this thesis describes the expedient synthesis of nitrocyclopropanes which are important structural motifs in various bioactive molecules. This procedure involves the Michael addition of dimethylmalonate to various nitroolefins followed by bromination to furnish the corresponding brominated adducts. This brominated adduct was further cyclized in presence of the base to afford highly functionalized nitrocyclopropanes in moderate to good yields.

    目錄 中文摘要………………………………………………………………..Ⅰ 英文摘要………………………………………………..………………Ⅱ 壹. 利用1,5-雙氟基-2,4-二硝基苯作為脫水劑來合成異噁唑類衍生物的研究 [1.1] 前言………………………………………………………………..1 [1.1.1]異噁唑類衍生物之簡介……………………………………...1 [1.1.2] 應用1,3-偶極環加成反應來合成異噁唑類化合物………..3 [1.1.3] 藉由硝基烷化物生成氧化腈……………………………….7 [1.1.4] 異噁唑類化合物在有機合成上的應用…………………….9 [1.1.5] 雙環或多環系統的異噁唑類化合物的合成……………....11 [1.2] 使用1,5-二氟-2,4-二硝基苯作為脫水試劑……………………..15 [1.3] 實驗構想與目標………………………………………………....18 [1.4] 結果與討論....................................................................................19 [1.4.1] 一鍋化方式合成雙環異噁唑類化合物: 使用2,4-二硝基氟(DNFB)作為脫水試劑.........................................................20 [1.4.2] 合成硝基烷化合物2...........................................................24 [1.4.3] 1,5-雙氟基-2,4-二硝基苯作為脫水試劑進行分子內1,3雙偶合環反應..........................................................................33 [1.4.4] 合成雙環異噁唑類化合物之應用: 1,5-雙氟基-2,4-二硝基苯作為脫水劑......................................................................43 [1.5]結論..................................................................................................45 [1.6] 實驗部分........................................................................................46 [1.6.1] 一般實驗方法.....................................................................46 [1.6.2] 藥品與試劑.........................................................................47 [1.6.3] 實驗步驟.............................................................................49 [1.7] 參考資料........................................................................................52 [1.8] 光譜資料........................................................................................54 貳、行高效率且一鍋化的方式來合成硝基環丙烷方法之研究 [2.1]前言................................................................................................191 [2.1.1] 硝基環丙烷之簡介...........................................................191 [2.1.2] 硝基環丙烷(nitrocyclopropanes)的製備..........................193 [2.1.3] N-溴代丁二醯亞胺在有機合成上的應用........................205 [2.2] 實驗構想與目標..........................................................................209 [2.3] 結果與討論..................................................................................210 [2.4] 結論..............................................................................................218 [2.5] 實驗部分......................................................................................219 [2.5.1] 一般實驗方法...................................................................219 [2.5.2] 藥品與試劑.......................................................................221 [2.5.3] 實驗步驟...........................................................................222 [2.6] 參考資料......................................................................................223 [2.7] 光譜資料......................................................................................224

    第一部分:
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