目的：比較甲乙組桌球選手在模擬比賽中能量消耗、運動強度的差異及不同位置能量消耗之差異。方法：以甲乙組大學男性桌球校隊各10名為研究受試者，運用三軸加速規RT3配戴於腕、肘及腰部，監測20分鐘模擬比賽中的能量消耗及運動強度。所得資料以獨立樣本t考驗和混合設計二因子變異數分析，比較兩組間各變項之差異。結果：甲乙組能量消耗分別為134.74 ± 36.94 kcal與108.35 ± 33.61 kcal；運動強度則分別為5.85 ± 2.61METs與4.99 ± 2.4 METs。甲乙組選手能量消耗及運動強度皆未達顯著差異 (p > .05)。甲乙組選手中度及重度運動總時間沒有顯著差異，但輕度運動總時間，乙組9.6分鐘顯著高於甲組3.0分鐘( p < .05)。組別與不同部位之間無交互作用，兩組間能量消耗亦無顯著差果，但是組內不同部位達顯著，手腕部位的能量消耗顯著高於手肘與腰部 (p < 0.5)。結論：20分鐘模擬比賽中，不同技術水準之兩組桌球選手能量消耗及運動強度並無差異，但甲組選手輕度運動時間顯著少於乙組，手腕之能量消耗高於手肘及腰部。

Purpose: To compare the difference of energy expenditure, exercise intensity (METs), and the energy expenditure of different locations between A-level and B-level table tennis players in simulated matches. Methods: Ten A-level and ten B- level male university team table tennis players were recruited as the subjects. All subjects were asked to wear RT3 on the wrist, elbow and waist to measure energy expenditure and intensity during 20 minutes simulated matches. All collected data were analyzed with independent t-test and two-way ANOVA mixed design. Results: The energy expenditure of A-level and B-level players were 134.74 ± 36.94 kcal vs. 108.35 ± 33.61 kcal , respectively; and there was no significant difference between 2 groups (p>.05). The intensity of A-level (5.85 ± 2.61 METs) was not significantly higher than that of B-level group players (4.99 ± 2.4 METs) (p>.05). There was no significant interaction difference of energy expenditure between two independent variables, and no significant difference between 2 groups. However, there was a significant difference between the positions and found that the energy expenditure of wrist was significantly higher than that of elbow and waist (p<.05). The total time of high intensity and moderate intensity exercise between 2 groups were not significantly different. The time of light intensity of A-level players was significantly shorter than that of B-level players (p<.05). Conclusion: The energy expenditure and intensity were not different between two groups, the time of light intensity of A-level was shorter than that of B-level players during stimulated matches. The results showed the energy expenditure and intensity were not affected by different skill level. The energy expenditure of the wrist was higher than that of the elbow and the waist.

參考文獻
一、中文部分
王珮凡（2009）。桌球正手擊球能量消耗分析-三軸加速規與氣體分析儀之比較。未出版之碩士論文，國立台灣體育大學，桃園縣。
王順正（1999）。運動強度的判定。運動生理期刊，20。
李榮煥（2005）。各級桌球選手正手拉攻動作完整性之比較研究。
出版之碩士論文，國立台灣體育大學，桃園縣。
沈淑鳳（2007）。RT3 Triaxi對身體活動儀器之運用。大專體育，92，36-40。
阮文淵（1990）。認識桌球—如何訓練傑出桌球選手。台灣體育，51，50-52。
邱秀霞、吳政崎（2003）. 台北地區護理參與休閒運動現況之研究。台灣體育運動管理學報，2，66-84。
林正常、王順正與吳忠芳（2005）。日常身體活動的能量消耗研究。運動生理學暨體育學報，2，55-66。
陳金海（2003）。世界優秀男子桌球運動員代表性綜合技術之探討。大專體育學刊，5（1），161-173。
陳秋丹（2003）。我國少年女子桌球國手攻擊技術及戰形之分析研究。未出版之碩士論文，臺北市立體育學院運動科學研究所，臺北市。
梁世建（2006）。桌球正手抽球動作三度空間之運動學分析。未出版之碩士論文，國立臺北教育大學，臺北市。
黃美珍（(2003)。桌球運動-真好。高師大體育，4，41-43。
黃頂翔、楊忠祥（2005）。加速規在身體活動量的應用.國北教大體育，2，152-159。
詹貴惠、杜美華、廖學勇、鄭兆光與邱文信（2004）。桌球正手拉球技術探討。國教世紀，213，101-104。
趙崇山（2207）。現代乒乓球比賽時間特徵、供能特點與專項體
廖立同（2009）。不同跑步模式之手腕與腳踝加速度值分析。未出版
之碩士論文，國立台灣師範大學，台北市。
蔣立、張博 （1999）。桌球。台北市:國家。

二、英文部分：
Chu, E.Y., McManus, A.M., &Yu, C.C.(2007). Calibration of the RT3
accelerometer for ambulation and nonambulation in children.
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 39(11), 2085-91.

Christmass, M.A., Richmond, S.E., Cable, N.T., Arthur, P.G., &
Hartmann, P.E. (1998). Exercise intensity and metabolic responses
in single tennis. Journal of Sports Sciences, 16, 739–747.

Donahoo, W., Levine, J., & Melanson, E. (2004). Variability in energy
expenditure and its components.. Current Opinion in Clinical
Nutrition & Metabolic Care, 7, 599–605.

Esparza, J., Fox C., Harper I., Bennett, P., Schulz L., Valencia M. et al. (2000). Daily energy expenditure in Mexican and USA Pima indians: low physical activity as a possible cause of obesity. International Journal of Obesity, 1, 55–59.

Ferrauti, A., Bergeron, M.F., Pluim, B.M., & Weber,K. (2001) .
Physiological responses in tennis and running with similar oxygen
uptake. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 85, 27–33.

Juliette, H., Kathleen, B., Jamie O., Dwyer., Shinead L., Christopher, B. et al. (2007). Validation of the RT3 in the measurement of physical activity in children. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 247, 4-8.

Vanhelst, J., Theunynck, D., Gottrand, F., & Beghiun, L. (2010). Reliability of the RT3 accelerometer for measurement of physical activity in adolescents. Journal of Sports Sciences, 1, 1-6.

Jaime, F. F., David, S. R., Cristobal, S. M., Babette M., Pluim, I. T., &Alberto, M. V.(2009). A comparison of the activity profile and physiological demands between advanced and recreational veteran tennis players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research.1-7.

Kasai, J.I., Akira, O., Eung, J.T., & Mori, T. (2010). Research on table
tennis player's cardio-respiratory endurance. International Journal of
Table Tennis Sciences, 6, 6-8.

Kovacs, M. (2007). Tennis physiology: Training the competitive athlete.
Sports Medicine, 37, 189–198.

Lees, A. (2003). Science and the major racket sports: a review. Journal of
Sports Science, 21, 707–732.

Mark, G. D., & Kenneth, R. F. (2006). Physical activity patterns assessed by accelerometry in older people. European Journal of Applied Physiology,100, 581-589.

Marinque, D.C and Gonza´les-Badillo. (2003). Analysis of the
characteristics of competitive badminton. British Journal of Sports
Medicine, 27, 62–66.

Montpetit, R.R. (1990). Applied physiology of squash. Sports Medicine,
10,31–41.

Melanson, E & Freedson, P. (1996). Physical activity assessment: a review of methods. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 36(5), 385-96.

Morel, E.A.,& Zagatto, A.M. (2008). Adaptation of the lactate minimum
critical power and anaerobic threshold tests for assessment of the
aerobic/anaerobic transition in a protocol specific for table tennis.
Rev Bras Med Esporte, 14, 523–527.

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. (1996). NHLBI clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults, executive summary. Archives Intern Medicine, 158, 1855–1867.

Ogden C.L., Carroll, M.D., Curtin L.R., McDowell, M.A., Tabak, C. J., Flegal, K.M. et al. (2006). Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States,1999–2004. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 295, 1549–1555.

Roetert, P.E., Brown, S.W, Piorkowski, P.A., & Woods, R.B. (1996).
Fitness comparisons among three different levels of elite tennis
players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 10, 139–43.

Ribeiro, J.L., Castro, BOSD, Rosa, C.S., Baptista, R.R.,& Oliveira, AR.
(2006). Heart rate and blood lactate responses to changquan and
daoshu forms of modern wushu. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 1–4.

Smekal, G, Von Duvillard, S.P., Rihacek, C, Pokan, R, Hofmann, P,
Baron, R, Tschan, H, and Bachl, N. A. (2001). Physiological
profile of tennis match play. Medicine & Science in Sports &
Exercise, 33, 999–1005.

Shieh, S.C., Chou, J.P., & Kao, Y.H. (2010), Energy expenditure and cardiorespiratory responses during training and simulated table tennis match. International Journal of Table Tennis Sciences, 6, 186-189.

Sperlich, B., Koehler, K., Holmberg, H. C., Zinner, C., & Joachim Mester. (2011). Table tennis: cardiorespiratory and metabolic analysis of match and exercise in elite junior national players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 6, 234-242.

Trost, S. G., Mciver, K. L., & Pate, R. R. (2005). Conducting accelerometer-based activity assessments in field-based research. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 37(11), 531-543.

Twaddle, B.J.,& Papadopoulos, C. (2004 ). Assessment of the Kb1-c portablemetabolic measurement system during submaximal cycle and treadmill exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 37(5), 5-6.

Welk, G.J., Blai,r S.N., Wood, K., Jones, S., Thompson, R.W. (2000). A comparative evaluation of three accelerometry-based physical activity monitors. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32,489-97.

Ward, D. S., Evenson, K. R., Vaughn, A., Rodgers, A. B., & Troiano, R. P. (2005). Accelerometer use in physical activity: Best practices and research recommendations. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 37(11), 582-588.

US, Department of Health & Human Service. (2001). The surgeon general’s call to action to prevent and decrease overweight and obesity. Rockville MD. pp9.

Zurlo, F., Ferraro, R.T., Fontvielle,A.M., Rising, R., Bogardus, C., Ravussin, E.(1992). Spontaneous physical activity and obesity: cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in Pima Indians. American Journal of Physiology, 263, 296–300.

Zagatto, A.M. Moerl, E.A.,& Gobatto, C.A. (2010). Physiological responses and characteristics of table tennis matches determined in official tournaments. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(4), 942-949.