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研究生: 高子晴
Kao, Tzu-Ching
論文名稱: 現代漢語詞類界定
Definitional Tests for Parts of Speech in Chinese
指導教授: 鄧守信
Teng, Shou-Hsin
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 華語文教學系
Department of Chinese as a Second Language
論文出版年: 2010
畢業學年度: 98
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 151
中文關鍵詞: 詞類系統詞類界定
英文關鍵詞: parts of speech system, definitional tests for parts of speech
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:176下載:34
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  • 檢視現行普遍使用的對外漢語教科書,多沿用英語的詞類系統標誌生詞表中之詞類,而無法反映語言類型學上完全不同的漢語句法。莫衷一是的詞類系統,對學生在語言的自由生成上極易產生不良的影響。因此,本文的首要目標,便是重新審視既有的詞類系統,從理論與教學的角度觀察並挑選出能合理反映漢語詞類的架構。
    確定了適切的漢語詞類框架後,如何判定某詞屬於某詞類是本文的焦點所在。儘管過去語法學界對於詞類的定義架構有了許多的探討,然而我們不滿足於單純從表面現象的描寫,更著重於深度探討有效成為詞類鑑定結構之理據。本文依照Teng(to appear)的八大詞類框架為軸心,以語義、句法、語用等層面剖析鑑識詞類之結構關係。第四章和第五章分別就動詞、名詞與介詞、連詞、副詞等從過去的界定框架中,剔除無法排除其他詞類的界定結構並找尋及建立穩固而合適之句法槽。
    句法結構的建立得以協助華語教師編輯教材時對於詞類的判定有所依據,以解決過往憑藉語感或意義而無法將詞類歸屬到位的現象。希冀本文的詞類界定框架得以對於提升教學品質、增加學習成效與降低學習偏誤等方方面面有所助益。

    Most TCSL textbooks currently published use the English part of speech system to classify words in Chinese, but since Chinese syntax is completely different from that of English these classifications are typically inadequate. Moreover, this practice causes confusion for learners of Chinese. The purpose of this study is to reevaluate the current system for analyzing Chinese part of speech from theoretical and pedagogical perspectives, and describe a system more appropriate for Chinese.
    Next, the author determines what words belong to which word classes. Although linguists have been discussing how to determine part of speech for many years, the author feels that rather than simply describing words it is necessary to discuss the reasoning behind a classification system. This paper uses Teng's (to appear) system of eight major parts of speech as its theoretical basis, and uses semantic, syntactic and pragmatic viewpoints to analyze the structural relationships of definitional tests or parts of speech. The fourth and fifth chapters use classifications from the previous system (nouns and verbs in the fourth chapter; prepositions, conjunctions and adverbs in the fifth) to create an unassailable classification system, and discover and establish stable and appropriate syntactic descriptions.
    The establishment of syntactic structures can provide evidence for classifying words' parts of speech Chinese teachers during the process of writing textbooks, thereby solving the problems created by over dependence on words' meaning and authors' subjective opinion. The author hopes this paper's framework for evaluating parts of speech will improve the quality and efficiency of teaching, and lessen the occurrence of errors.

    摘要 i Abstract iii 目錄 v 表格目錄 vii 圖表目錄 viii 第1章 緒論 1 1.1 研究動機與目的 1 1.2 研究範圍與架構 2 第2章 文獻探討 3 2.1 詞類之共性與特性 3 2.2 詞類劃分與詞類界定 7 2.2.1 詞類劃分 7 2.2.2 詞類界定 15 2.3 小結 20 第3章 現代漢語之詞類系統 21 3.1 現行的詞類系統 21 3.1.1 量詞 23 3.1.2 數詞 26 3.1.3 代名詞 27 3.1.4 形容詞 28 3.1.5 嘆詞 32 3.1.6 語氣詞 32 3.1.7 繫詞 33 3.1.8 限定詞 33 3.1.9 時間詞、地方詞、方位詞 39 3.1.10 擬聲詞 41 3.1.11 區別詞 42 3.1.12 數量詞 44 3.1.13 狀態詞 44 3.2 教學上理想的詞類系統 44 3.2.1 詞類與教學語法 45 3.2.2 教學語法的幾項原則 47 3.3 小結 49 第4章 動詞與名詞 51 4.1 動詞界定 51 4.1.1 動詞性界定框架 52 4.1.2 動詞三分界定框架 60 4.2 名詞界定 76 4.2.1 傳統名詞界定框架 76 4.2.2 名詞界定框架 82 4.3 小結 94 第5章 介詞、連詞與副詞 95 5.1 介詞、連詞與副詞之劃類標準 95 5.1.1 傳統劃分介連副之依據 96 5.1.2 本文劃分介詞、連詞與副詞之依據 100 5.2 介詞、連詞與副詞界定 110 5.2.1 介詞界定框架 110 5.2.2 連詞界定框架 118 5.2.3 副詞界定框架 127 5.3 小結 131 第6章 結論 133 6.1 研究總結 133 6.2 研究限制與展望 134 參考文獻 135

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