簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 甘貝爾
Rodrigo Campbell
論文名稱: A Study on Individual Competencies for Foreign Government Representatives in Taiwan
A Study on Individual Competencies for Foreign Government Representatives in Taiwan
指導教授: 張媁雯
Chang, Wei-Wen
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 國際人力資源發展研究所
Graduate Institute of International Human Resource Developmemt
論文出版年: 2012
畢業學年度: 100
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 137
中文關鍵詞: CompetencyForeign government representativesDiplomacyInternational Relations
英文關鍵詞: Competency, Foreign government representatives, Diplomacy, International Relations
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:156下載:3
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • The purpose of this study was to identify the individual competencies required for foreign government representatives serving in Taiwan and explore how these individuals have developed such competencies. A qualitative approach was adopted to reach this purpose. Participatory observation in one foreign mission office in Taiwan, document review and semi structured interviews with ten foreign government representatives serving in Taiwan were utilized for data collection. The research suggest that the competency development stage of foreign government representatives is guided by a social learning process and later enhanced by intentional self-development changes. Work experience and on-the-job learning methods guided by these two processes represent the way in which foreign government representatives have acquire the competencies necessary to be posted in Taiwan.
    Moreover, to have a more integral competency assessment, this study utilized the American Society for Training & Development (ASTD) competency model as a guideline to further categorize those individual competencies, identifying three competency levels. The first foundational level competences identified included: relational ability, communication skills, linguistic ability, intercultural competence, analytical skills, business acumen, knowledge management, administrative skills, adaptability/flexibility, emotional intelligence, stress management, openness to experience and extroversion. The second focus level areas of expertise were composed of: protocol, public service orientation, public relations, market development, attracting investment, international politics and law, and history and cultural affairs. Finally the top level execution roles determined were: political analyst, commercial counselor, public diplomacy agent, consular advocate and management officer. The findings of this study provide information for government ministries and officials in charge of selecting foreign mission holders and for those international educators responsible for training and developing the future generation of diplomats and foreign government representatives.

    The purpose of this study was to identify the individual competencies required for foreign government representatives serving in Taiwan and explore how these individuals have developed such competencies. A qualitative approach was adopted to reach this purpose. Participatory observation in one foreign mission office in Taiwan, document review and semi structured interviews with ten foreign government representatives serving in Taiwan were utilized for data collection. The research suggest that the competency development stage of foreign government representatives is guided by a social learning process and later enhanced by intentional self-development changes. Work experience and on-the-job learning methods guided by these two processes represent the way in which foreign government representatives have acquire the competencies necessary to be posted in Taiwan.
    Moreover, to have a more integral competency assessment, this study utilized the American Society for Training & Development (ASTD) competency model as a guideline to further categorize those individual competencies, identifying three competency levels. The first foundational level competences identified included: relational ability, communication skills, linguistic ability, intercultural competence, analytical skills, business acumen, knowledge management, administrative skills, adaptability/flexibility, emotional intelligence, stress management, openness to experience and extroversion. The second focus level areas of expertise were composed of: protocol, public service orientation, public relations, market development, attracting investment, international politics and law, and history and cultural affairs. Finally the top level execution roles determined were: political analyst, commercial counselor, public diplomacy agent, consular advocate and management officer. The findings of this study provide information for government ministries and officials in charge of selecting foreign mission holders and for those international educators responsible for training and developing the future generation of diplomats and foreign government representatives.

    Abstract I Table of Contents III List of Tables V List of Figures VII CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1 Background of the Study 1 Statement of the Problem 3 Significance of the Study 4 Research Purposes 5 Research Questions 5 Definition of Terms 6 CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW 7 Competency 7 Competency Model 8 Competency Development 15 Diplomacy 17 CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODS 21 Research Approach 21 Research Framework 22 Research Procedure 23 Sampling Process 25 Data Collection 27 Data Analysis 33 Quality of Research 35 CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS 37 Context of the Foreign Government Representative Field 37 Competency Development 52 Competencies of Foreign Government Representatives 63 Foundational Level Competencies 65 Focus Level Areas of Expertise 81 Execution Level Roles 90 Discussion 91 CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 95 Research Implications 97 Research Limitations 98 Suggestions for Future Research 99 REFERENCES 101 APPENDIX A: OBSERVATION JOURNAL 105 APPENDIX B: EXAMPLE OF TRANSCRIPT 117 APPENDIX C: CODING LIST 125 APPENDIX D: PEER AND EXPERT REVIEW OF INTERVIEW QUESTIONS 135 LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1 Background Information of Participants 26 Table 3.2 Interview Questions 31 Table 4.1 Job Content of Foreign Government Representatives in Taiwan 38 Table 4.2 Work Environment of Foreign Government Representatives in Taiwan 44 Table 4.3 Challenges of Serving in Taiwan 47 Table 4.4 Competency Development Process 53 Table 4.5 Competencies of Foreign Government Representatives 64 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1 The Iceberg Model of Competency 9 Figure 2.2 Competency Pyramid 10 Figure 2.3 The ASTD Competency Model 11 Figure 3.1 Research Framework 23 Figure 3.2 Research Procedure 24 Figure 3.3 Observation Setting 28 Figure 4.1 Structure of Embassies 41 Figure 4.2 Structure of Commercial Offices 41 Figure 5.1 Adaptation of the ASTD Competency Model to the Foreign Government Representative Field 96

    Anderson, M. S. (1993). The rise of modern diplomacy 1450–1919. London: Longman.
    Appleby, R. (1994). Modern business administration. London: Pearson Education limited
    Ashton, D., Davies, B., Felstead, A., & Green, F. (1999). Work skills in Britain. Oxford: ESRC
    Centre on Skills, Knowledge and Organizational Performance.
    Berridge, G. R. (2009). Diplomacy: Theory & practice (4th ed.). Palgrave: Macmillan.
    Bitner, M., Booms, B. & Tetreault, M. (1990). The service encounter: Diagnosing favorable and
    unfavorable incidents. Journal of Marketing, 54 (1), 71-84.
    Black, J. S. & Mendenhall, M. E. (1990). Cross-cultural training effectiveness: A review and
    theoretical framework. Academy of Management Review, 15(1), 113-136.
    Blanchard, P.N. & Thacker, J. W.B. (2010). Effective training: Systems, strategies, and practices
    (4th ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Education.
    Bogdan, R. & Taylor, S.J. (1975). Introduction to qualitative research methods. New York:
    John Wiley & Sons.
    Boyatzis, R. (2006). Intentional change theory from a complexity perspective. Journal of
    Management Development, 25(7), 607-623.
    Bozeman, A. (1994). Politics and Culture in international history: From the ancient near east
    to the opening of the modern age (2nd ed.). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
    Brannick, M. T. & Levine, E. L. (2002). Job analysis: methods, research, and applications for
    human resource management in the new millenni. CA: Sage.
    Caruso, D., Mayer, J.D. & Salovey, P. (2000). Emotional intelligence meets traditional standards
    for intelligence. Intelligence, 27 (4), 267-298.
    Chell, E. (1998) . Critical incident technique in qualitative methods and analysis in
    organizational research: A practical guide. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    Cooper, K. C. (2000). Effective competency modeling and reporting: A step-by-step guide for
    Improving individual & organizational performance. NY: American Management
    Association.
    Copeland, D. (2009). Transformational public diplomacy: Rethinking advocacy for the
    globalization age. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 5(2), 97-102.
    Corbin, J. & Strauss, A. (2008). Basics of qualitative research (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks,
    CA: Sage.
    Coyle, W. & Shortland, S. (1992). International relocation: An international perspective. Oxford:
    Butterworth-Heinemann.
    Davis, P., Naughton, J. & Rothwell, W. (2004). New roles and new competencies for the
    profession. T & D, 58(4), 26-36.
    Day, D. (2007). Developing leadership talent: A guide for succession planning and development.
    Alexandria, VA: Society for Human Resource Development.
    Debowski, S. (2006). Knowledge management. Sydney: Jonh Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.
    Dickie, J. (1992). Inside the foreign office. London: Chapmans.
    Downes, M., Varner I. & Musinski L. (2007). Personality traits as predictors of expatriate
    effectiveness: A synthesis and reconceptualization. Review of Business. Retrieved from
    http://www.entrepreneur.com/tradejournals/article/165359565_1.html
    Dragoni, L., Tesluk, P., Russel, J. & Oh, I. (2009). Understanding managerial development:
    Integrating developmental assignments, learning orientation, and access to developmental opportunities in predicting managerial competencies. Academy of Management Journal, 52(4), 731-743.
    Dubois, D. (1993). Competency based performance improvement: A study for organizational
    change. MA: HRD Press Inc.
    Dubois, D. & Rothwell, W. (2004). Competency-based human resource management. Palo Alto,
    CA: Davies-Black Publishing.
    European Chamber of Commerce Taipei. (2012). ECCT constitution. Retrieved from http://w
    ww.ecct.com.tw/aboutus.aspx?cseq=1&seq=5
    Ezziane, Z. (2007). Information technology literacy: Implications on teaching and learning.
    Educational Technology & Society, 10 (3), 175-191.
    Fairweather, J. (2012). Personality, nations, and innovation: Relationships between personality
    traits and national innovation scores. The Journal of Comparative Social Science, 46(1),
    3-30.
    Fishman, T. C. (2005). China inc.: How the rise of the next superpower challenges America and
    the world. New York: Scribner.
    Forni, P.M. (2003). Choosing civility: The 25 rules of considerate conduct. New York: St.
    Martin’s Griffin Edition.
    Foster, N. (2000). Expatriates and the impact of cross-cultural training. Human Resource
    Management Journal, 10 (3), 63–78.
    Fulham, A. & Taylor , J. (2005). Learning at work: Excellent practice from best theory. New
    York: Palgrave Mcmillan.
    Gore-Booth, L. (1979). Satow’s guide to diplomatic practice. London: Longman.
    Gremler, D. (2004). The critical incident technique in service research. Journal of Service
    Research, 7(1), 65-89.
    Green, P. (1999) . Building robust competencies: Linking human resource systems to
    organizational strategies. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
    Hall, P. (2007). The new pr. New York.: Larstan Publishing.
    Harris, P.R. & Moran, R.T. (1996). Managing cultural differences (4th ed.). Houston, TX: Gulf
    Publishing Company.
    Hartle, F. (1995). How to re-engineer your performance management process. London: Kogan
    Page.
    Hartley, J. (1998). Learning and studying: A research perspective. London: Routledge.
    Henderson, N. (1995). Mandarin : Diaries of an ambassador 1969 – 1982. London:
    Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
    Joshi, R.M. (2005). International marketing. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
    Jordan, J. & Cartwright, S. (1998). Selecting expatriate managers: Key traits and competencies.
    Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 19(2), 89-96.
    Ketter, P. (2006). Investing in learning : Looking for performance. T & D, 60(12), 30-33.
    Kissinger, H. (1994). Diplomacy. New York: Simon & Schuster.
    Klein, K. J. & Zeigert, J. C. (2004). Leader development and change over time: A conceptual
    integration and exploration of research challenges. Mahwah, NJ: LEA.
    Krumboltz, J.D. (1996). A learning theory in career counseling. Palo Alto, CA: Davies-Black
    Publishing.
    Laboulaye, F. & Laloy, J. (1983). Qualifications of an ambassador. Washington D.C.: Institute
    for the Study of Diplomacy, Georgetown University.
    Lave, J. & Wenger, E. (1991). Situated learning: Legitimate peripheral participation. Cambridge:
    University of Cambridge Press.
    Lawler, E. E. (1994) . A skill based approach to human resource management. European
    Management Journal, 10(4), 383 - 391.
    Lee, D. & Hudson, D. (2004). The old and new significance of political economy in diplomacy.
    Review of International Studies, 30(3), 343-360.
    Leiba-O'Sullivan, S. (1999). The distinction between stable and dynamic cross-cultural
    competencies: Implications for expatriate trainability. Journal of International Business
    Studies, 30 (1) 709-725.
    Leonard, D. (2008). The impact of learning goals on emotional, social and cognitive intelligence
    competency development. Journal of Management, 27(1), 109-128.
    Li, H. (2005). Rivalry between Taiwan and the PRC in Latin America. Journal of Chinese
    Political Science, 10(2), 77-102.
    Lindstrom, G. (2002). Diplomats and diplomacy for the 21th century ( Doctoral Dissertation).
    Retrived from www.rand.org/pubs/rgs_dissertations/RGSD169.html.
    Lord, R. G. & Hall, R. J. (2005). Identity, deep structure and the development of leadership skill.
    Leadership Quarterly, 16(1), 591–615.
    Lucia, A.D., & Lepsinger, R. (1999). The art and science of competency models :Pinpointing
    critical success factors in organizations. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
    Mader-Clark, M. (2006). The job description handbook. New York: Nolo
    McCall, M. W., Lombardo, M. M. & Morrison, A. M. (1988). The lessons of experience: How
    successful executives develop on the job. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
    McCauley, C., Ruderman, M., Ohlott, P. & Morrow, J. (1994). Assessing the developmental
    components of managerial jobs. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79(1), 544–560.
    Merriam, S. & Caffarella, R. (1998). Learning in adulthood: A comprehensive guide. San
    Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
    Mertens, D. M. (2005). Research in education and psychology (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA:
    Sage.
    Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1998). Data management and analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA:
    Sage.
    Ministry of Foreign Affairs, ROC (2011). Foreign embassies and missions in Taiwan. Retrieved
    from http://www.mofa.gov.tw/webapp/lp.asp?ctnode=1867&ctunit=34&basedsd=32&mp
    =6.
    Mirabile, R. J. (1997). Everything you wanted to know about competency modeling. Training
    & Development, 51 (8), 73-77.
    Moran, T. H. (2006). Harnessing foreign direct investment for development: Policies for
    developed and developing countries. Washington: Center for Global Development.
    Nadler, D. A. & Tushman, M. (1999).The organization of the future: Strategic imperatives and
    core competencies for the 21st century, Organisational Dynamics, 27(1), 45-58.
    Nicolson, H. (1938). Diplomacy (1st ed.). Cambridge: Oxford University Press.
    Ohlott, P. J. (2004). Job assignments. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
    Olson, J. & Bolton, P. (2002). Chapter 7. Competencies. Retrieved from http://www.au.a
    f.mil/au/awc/awcgate-doe/benchmark/ch07.pdf.
    Parboteeah, K.P. & Cullen, J.B. (2011). Strategic international management. Canada: South
    Western.
    Parry, S.B. (1996). The quest for competencies. Training, 33 (7), 48-54.
    Phillips, D. (2006). Towards relationship management: Public relations at the core of
    organizational development. Journal of Communication Management, 12(2), 34-48.
    Prince, T . (2008). Business acumen: A critical concern of modern leadership development.
    Human Resource Management International Digest, 16 (6), 6-9.
    Polit, D. & Beck, C. (2004) Nursing research: Principles and methods (7th ed.). Philadelphia:
    Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.
    Poropat, A. E. (2009). A meta-analysis of the five-factor model of personality and academic
    performance. Psychological Bulletin, 135 (2), 322-338.
    Rainey H.G. & Steinbauer, P. (1999). Galloping elephants: Developing elements of a theory of
    Effective government organizations. Journal of Public Administration Research &
    Theory, 9(1), 56-71.
    Rana, K.(2000). Inside diplomacy. New Delhi: Manas Publications.
    Rathje, S. (2007). Intercultural competence: The status and future of a controversial concept.
    Journal for Language and Intercultural Communication, 7(4), 254–266
    Rhee, K. (2007). The beat and rhythm of competency development over two years. Department
    of Management and Marketing, 27(1), 146-160.
    Rodriguez, M. (2008). La batalla diplomatica de Beijing y Taipei en America Latina y el Caribe.
    [The diplomatic battle between Beijing and Taipei in Latin America and the Caribbean].
    Revista CIDOB d’Afers Internacionals, 81, 209-231.
    Sandberg, J. (1994). Human competency at work: An interpretative approach. Gotherburg: BAS
    Saner, R., Yiu, L. & Sondergaard, M. (2000). Business diplomacy management: A core
    competency for global companies. Academy of Management Executive, 14(1), 80-92.
    Silverman, D. (2005). Doing qualitative research (2nd ed.). London: Sage Publications Ltd.
    Siracusa, J. (2010). Diplomacy: A very short introduction. New York: Oxford University Press
    Inc.
    Spencer, L. & Spencer, S. (1993). Competency at work: Models for superior performance. New
    York: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
    Stake, R.E. (2000). Handbook of qualitative research (2nd ed.). Thousan Oaks, CA: Sage.
    Taylor, S. N. (2006). Why the real self is fundamental to intentional change. Journal of
    Management Development,25(7), 643- 656.
    Torrington, D. (1994). International human resource management. London: Prentice-Hall.
    Tye, M.G. & Chen, P.Y (2005). Selection of expatriates: Decision-making models used by HR
    professionals. Human Resource Planning, 28 (4), 15-20.
    Viotti, P.R. & Kauppi, M.V. (2008). International relations and world politics (4th ed.). New
    York: Scribner.
    Werner, J. M. & DeSimone, R. L. (2009). Human resource development (5th ed.). Manson, OH:
    South-western Cengage Learning.
    Zaharna, R.S., & Villalobos, J.C. (2000). A public relations tour of embassy row: The latin
    diplomatic experience. Public Relations Quarterly, 45(4), 33-37.

    下載圖示
    QR CODE