本研究以Bowen家族系統理論為基礎，考驗父母各自的自我分化對青少年子女身心健康的影響。本研究分為二個部分: 第一個部分是根據Bowen理論，編製「親子三角關係量表」。第二個部分是探討父母各自的自我分化對青少年子女身心健康影響結構方程式之研究，這部分分為兩個研究進行:研究一是提出以親子三角關係為調節變項、青少年子女自我分化為中介變項之父母各自的自我分化對青少年子女身心健康影響之模式並加以考驗。研究二是提出以青少年子女自我分化為中介變項之父母各自的自我分化對青少年子女身心健康影響之模式並加以考驗。
本研究第一部分是研究者根據Bowen理論編製「親子三角關係量表」。研究者以台北市兩所國中488名國中生為樣本，運用極端組檢定、相關分析法、α係數、二階驗證性因素分析進行選題與量表信效度考驗。本量表得到五個因素：「穩定跨世代聯盟」、「非穩定跨世代聯盟」、「家庭投射-過度保護子女」、「家庭投射-代罪羔羊」、「親職化」，共計40題。本量表具有良好的內部一致性，而二階驗證性因素分析模式是合理適配的，具有良好的建構效度。
第二個部分是進行父、母自我分化對青少年子女身心健康影響結構方程式之研究的探討。研究者以大台北地區1010組父親、母親、國中青少年為研究樣本，並且以「自我分化量表」(包含父親版、母親版、學生版)、「親子三角關係量表」、「一般健康量表」為研究工具進行施測。資料統計分析方法為多群組結構方程模式、結構方程模式。研究結果如下:
(一)以親子三角關係為調節變項、青少年子女自我分化為中介變項，在父母各自自我分化對青少年子女身心健康影響之結構方程模式部分:
以親子三角關係總分分為高、中、低三組，利用高、低分組進行測量不變性、結構不變性考驗。結果發現親子三角關係高、低組，達到測量不變性與結構不變性，亦即是親子三角關係程度高分組與低分組，在父、母自我分化對青少年子女的自我分化之關係上不具有調節效果。所以親子三角關係具有調節效果的假設並未獲得支持。
(二) 以青少年子女自我分化為中介變項在父母各自的自我分化對青少年子女身心健康影響之結構方程模式部分:
父母各自的自我分化會直接影響青少年子女自我分化；青少年子女自我分化會直接影響青少年子女身心健康；父母各自自我分化會經由青少年子女自我分化影響青少年子女身心健康，而且父親的自我分化影響力與母親的自我分化影響力相同。
最後根據本研究之結果進行討論，以作為青少年輔導、親職教育、婚姻家族治療與未來進一步研究的參考。

The Effect of Parent’s Self-Differentiation, the Family Triangulation, and Adolescent’s Self-Differentiation on Adolescent’s General Health

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to develop two models which can describe the effect of each parent’s self-differentiation on adolescent’s general health by using Bowen’s theory. This research was divided into two parts. Firstly, the Family Triangulation Inventory was developed according to Bowen’s theory. Secondly, the two structural equation models were developed to explore the effect of each parent’s self-differentiation on adolescent’s general health. The first model was developed to explore the effect of parent’s self-differentiation on adolescent’s general health by using the family triangulation as a moderator, and the adolescent’s self-differentiation as a mediator. Whereas the second model was developed to explore the effect of parent’s self-differentiation on adolescent’s general health by using the adolescent’s self-differentiation as a mediator.
In The Family Triangulation Inventory nearly 488 students from two junior high schools were investigated in order to test the reliability and validity of the inventory. The data were analyzed by critical ratio, corrected item-total correlation, Cronbach α, second-order confirmatory analysis.
The findings as follows: The Family Triangulation Inventory was divided into five factors such as: stable parent-child coalition, unstable parent-child coalition, family projection-overprotect child, family projection-scapegoat and parentification. The 40-items were used in formal inventory which showed good internal consistency. The second–order model confirmatory factor analysis was reasonably fitted to formal inventory and showed good construct validity.
In second step, nearly 1010 father-mother-child teams were investigated. The each participants (father, mother and student) were evaluated by using The Differentiation of Self Inventory, The Family Triangulation Inventory and The General Health Questionnaire. The data were analyzed by multiple group SEM and SEM.
In model 1, according to the scores of the family triangulation it was divided into three teams- high, middle and low score teams. In this model each parent‘s self-differentiation influences adolescent general health through adolescent self-differentiation which was manifested by multi-group SEM. High score team and low score teams were compared by measurement invariance and structural invariance.
The findings as follows: In high score team the adolescent involved in the family triangulation affect in same way as the low score team by which each parent’s self-differentiation influences adolescent self-differentiation. Thus the moderator effect of the family triangulation was not supported.
In model 2 the influence of each parent’s self-differentiation on adolescent’s general health was observed by using the adolescent’s self-differentiation as a mediator.
The findings as follows: Each parent’s self-differentiation may positively affect the adolescent’s self-differentiation which may also affect the adolescent general health. The effect of father’s and mother’s self-differentiation on adolescent general health was observed to be similar.
This study can be implemented in future for providing the guidance for adolescence, parenting education, marital and family therapy and suggestion.

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