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研究生：	吳仁家 Jen-Chia Wu
論文名稱：	聚胜肽薄膜的合成及應用 Synthesis and Applications of Surface-Grafted Polypeptides
指導教授：	陳家俊 Chen, Chia-Chun
學位類別：	博士 Doctor
系所名稱：	化學系 Department of Chemistry
論文出版年：	2011
畢業學年度：	99
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	64
中文關鍵詞：	聚胜肽、奈米材料、二極體
英文關鍵詞：	polypeptide, nanomaterials, diode
論文種類：	學術論文
相關次數：	點閱：104 下載：0
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本篇論文中，我們利用了 (Surface-initiated vapor deposition-polymerization (SI-VDP)) 此高效率的薄膜成長技術，在矽、石英及金的基板上成功的成長了PCBL、PLL、PBLG及PLGA等聚胜肽薄膜，並用此薄膜來做後續之應用。
首先，我們利用PLL薄膜做為模板來催化tetraethoxysilane的聚合沉積反應，用此仿生反應來形成氧化矽奈米結構。在PLL薄膜的催化下，氧化矽可在常溫、中性的pH值下自發生成。而形成的氧化矽結構和PLL聚胜肽模板膜厚及橫向的微米圖形相當一致。此外，透過調控PLL聚胜肽模板的膜厚及疏密度，還可微調氧化矽奈米結構，令其結構由連續性的薄膜轉變為分離的球狀結構及纖維網狀結構。在利用高溫移除PLL聚胜肽模板後，在穿透式電子顯微鏡(TEM) 下可發現，用此方法可在表面上製造出平均約10奈米的細微通道。我們的方法提供了一個簡單容易且環保的方式，用以形成可調控形、貌厚度與疏密度的氧化矽奈米結構。
其次，我們成功的利用調控聚胜肽的排列及α螺旋與表面的傾斜角，形成在±0.422V下整流效應達約122的分子二極體。在此，我們利用SI-VDP在金的表面成長PBLG 聚胜肽薄膜並利用solvent-quenching的方式(先以chloroform浸泡薄膜讓PBLG分子鍊伸展到溶劑中，然後再將薄膜轉移到互溶性較差的溶劑acetone中使造成相分離)使聚胜肽分子的α螺旋一致性的向上垂直於基板表面。利用AFM原子力顯微鏡導電模式測量得之 I-V曲線，顯示出良好排列且垂直於表面的聚胜肽結構其整流效應足以用於在二極體的應用之上。

In this thesis, we use the effective synthetic approach (Surface-initiated vapor deposition-polymerization (SI-VDP)) to fabricate surface-grafted polypeptides on silicon, quartz, and Au surface for further applications.
Firstly, biomimetic porous silica films have been synthesized by polycondensation of tetraethoxysilane on a soft template formed by “end-tethered poly(L-lysine)” (“t-PLL”) monolayer with a brush-like configuration. The silica formation occurs spontaneously inside the t-PLL at neutral pH and room temperature. The growth of silica fully conforms to the original t-PLL film thicknesses and lateral micro-patterns, regardless of prolonged reaction time and monomer concentration. The morphologies of biomimetic silica are changed from continuous pleated, discrete spherical, to fibrous forms according to the initial t-PLL chain length and surface density. After burning off the t-PLL template, TEM images show the creation of nano-channel arrays in silica with average diameter of 10 nm. Overall, our approach has provided a straightforward and environmentally friendly route to directly generate silica films with controllable morphology, thickness and porosity.
Secondly, Polypeptide based molecular diode with high rectification ratio (~ 122 at ±0.422V) is formed by controlling molecular order and orientation. A film of tethered poly(γ-benzyl-L-glutamate) (PBLG) with high degree of molecular orientation was formed by solvent pair (good/bad) treatment. I-V characterization of the well aligned polypeptides showed that the rectification ratio of PBLG was sufficiently large for potential diode and transistor applications.

Abstract    1
Chapter1. Introduction    3
1-1. Secondary Structures of Polypeptide   3
1-1-1. -Helical structure   4
1-1-2. -Sheet   5
1-2.    Synthesis of Polypeptides   6
1-3. The Controlling of Molecular Order   7
1-4. Biomimetic Synthesis of Silica Nanostructure   8
1-5. The Electric Properties of α-Helical-Polypeptide Brushes   12
Chapter2. Experimental section   13
2-1.    Synthesis of Silica Nanostructure   13
2-1-1. Cleaning of Substrates   13
2-1-2. Silanization of the Substrates with Various Amine Densities   13
2-1-3. Synthesis of t-PLL Brushes   14
2-1-4. Surface Grafted Polypeptide-Templated Synthesis of Silica   15
2-1-5. Calcination of Surface Silica   16
2-1-6. Instrumentations   16
2-2.    Synthesis of Well-Aligned PBLG   19
  2-2-1. Preparation of Substrates   19
2-2-2. Preparation of Metal Coated Substrates   19
2-2-3. Preparation of Self-Assembled Monolayers   19
2-2-4. Synthesis of Surface-Grafted Polymer Brushes   20
2-2-5. Changing of The Molecular Orientation of t-PBLG Films   20
2-2-6. Preparation of Spin Coated PBLG Film   20
2-2-7. Molecular Orientation Measurements   21
2-2-8. Molecular Structure Imaging   21
2-2-9. Electric Behavior Analysis   21
2-2-10. Calculation of Average Tilt Angles of PBLG Brushes by ER-FTIR   21
Chapter3. Results and Discussions   23
3-1. Biomimetic Synthesis of Silica Films Directed by Polypeptide Brushes   23
3-1-1. In-Situ Synthesis of Silica Nanostructures at Solid Surfaces   23
3-1-2. Molecular Chain Mobility Studied by CD   26
3-1-3.Silica Growth Monitored by in-situ Ellipsometry   26
3-1-4. Patterned Silica films Formation   28
3-1-5. Binary Silanes Treated Surface   29
3-1-6. The Influences of the Grafting Density and Molecular Weight of t-PLL on Silicification   30
3-1-7. Conclusions   32
3-2. Controlled Growth of Aligned α-Helical-Polypeptide Brushes for Tunable Electrical Conductivity   33
3-2-1. Controlled growth of Polypeptide Films   33
3-2-2. Characterization of Molecular Order by ER-FTIR   34
3-2-3. Electric Behavior Analysis by C-AFM   34
3-2-4. Morphological Dependence of the Rectification Ability   36
3-2-5. Data Analysis and Current density Calculation   36
3-2-6. Electric Behavior Measurement by 4-Probe   37
3-2-7. Conclusions   38
Chapter4. Figures and Captions
Figure 1. General structure of polypeptides   4
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the secondary structure (a) -helix and (b) -sheet of polypeptide   4
Figure 3. (a) dipole on each peptide bond. (b) The accumulation of small dipoles along the helical backbone to create a net macrodipoe   5
Figure 4. Controlling of molecular order by (a) electric field; (b) solvent swelling; (c) cross-linking-induced; and (d) solvent-quenching approach   8
Figure 5. Schematic illustration of the hypothesized process of the biomimetic silicification   40
Figure 6. FTIR spectrum of a t-PLL films on silicon wafer   41
Figure 7. CD spectra of t-PLL film and t-PLL/silica film   42
Figure 8.Thickness and refractive index (in water) in the course of silicification   43
Figure 9. SEM and (b) TEMimages of the cross-section of the silica film   44
Figure 10. SEM images of the micropatterned films   45
Figure 11. AFM images of the micropatterned films   46.
Figure 12. Schematic illustration of the surface modification processes   47
Figure 13. Water contact angles and thickness measurements as a function of time for different amine density surfaces   48.
Figure 14. The morphologies of silica synthesized with different densities of t-PLL films on the surface   49
Figure 15. Schematic illustration of molecular structures and experimental setup   50
Figure 16. The morphological analysis of polypeptide films by AFM and SEM   51
Figure 17. Electrical studies of polypeptide films   52
Figure 18. Relationships between the electrical responses and the topography on Sample Qt-PBLG   53
Figure 19. ER-FTIR spectra of the polypeptide films   54
Figure 20. The results of taking first and second derivative of the I-V curve   55
Figure 21. ER-FTIR spectra of the Qt-PBLG film on the aluminum substrate   56
Figure 22. Current-voltage (I-V) characteristics   57
Figure 23. Current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of Q t-PBLG film at room temperature   58
Chapter5. References   59

                                

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