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研究生：	鄭暉騰 Tay, Hui-teng
論文名稱：	從可比語料庫探討法律翻譯的明朗化現象 Exploring Explicitation in Legal Translation through a Comparable Corpus
指導教授：	胡宗文 Hu, Zong-Wen
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	翻譯研究所 Graduate Institute of Translation and Interpretation
論文出版年：	2016
畢業學年度：	104
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	104
中文關鍵詞：	語料庫、語料庫翻譯研究、明朗化、香港司法機構、法律判案、法律翻譯
英文關鍵詞：	Corpus-based Translation Studies, Hong Kong Judiciary, Legal Judgments, Legal Translation, Explicitation Hypothesis
DOI URL：	https://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202204979
論文種類：	學術論文
相關次數：	點閱：85 下載：22
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明朗化現象是許多學者常會探討的研究項目，也被一些學者稱為翻譯普遍特徵。精確度與準確度在法律翻譯領域裡是極為關鍵的考量，按此邏輯，法律譯文的明朗化現象應該相對於非翻譯文本更為明顯。這個問題，為本研究所探討的題目。通過易用功能性靈活的語料庫工具AntConc，本研究將會分析單語種的比較語料庫（由自然英文語料庫與中譯英語料庫組成）。此語料庫的資料源自於香港特別行政區司法機構所刊登（於官方網站）的判案理由書。以雙語作為法定語言是香港法律體系獨有的特徵，有大量的中文判案理由書因參考需要被翻譯成英文，因此這些文本適合用於探討法律英譯與自然英文的差異。

本研究將會探討的明朗化現象包括報導動詞後接"that"的現象，連接詞，轉折詞等。這些現象的頻率將會被紀錄下來，接著針對英譯與自然英文的頻率差距進行似然比檢驗，以便確認是否有顯著性差異。研究結果顯示譯文裡明朗化頻率普遍高於自然英文。

Explicitation is a much studied phenomenon and considered by some to be a "universal" of translation. In the field of legal translation, where the precision and accuracy of language are key priorities, it would make sense for explicitation to be more pronounced in translations as opposed to non-translated English texts. But to what extent is this true? This is the primary issue this paper is seeking to explore. Through the use of the easily accessible and versatile corpus-processing tool AntConc, I analysed a monolingual, comparable corpus consisting of a translational English sub-corpora and a non-translational English sub-corpora, both drawn from court judgments published on the website of the Judiciary of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Due to the unique nature of Hong Kong's legal system, in which both English and Chinese are official languages of the court, a large number of key judgments are translated from Chinese into English presumably for reference purposes, thus making them suitable for the study of translational differences in legal translation.
With respect to explicitation, we looked at several explicitation phenomena including the "verb+that-clause" pattern, conjunctions and transitional words. The frequencies of these explicitation phenomena are tabulated, with the difference in frequencies between the translational and non-translational being subjected to a log-likelihood test to determine their significance. The findings as a whole does support the view that explicitating connectives are used in a statistically more pronounced manner in the translated sub-corpora.

Table of Contents
Abstract    i
中文摘要    iii
Acknowledgements    iv
List of Figures    vii
List of Tables    viii
Chapter 1: Introduction    1
1.1 Research Rationale    1
1.1.1 Language and Translation in Hong Kong's Legal System    2
1.1.2 Explicitation    4
1.1.3 Concordance Tools and Ease of Access to Resources    5
1.2 Research Purpose and Questions    6
1.3 Significance of Research    6
1.4 Thesis Structure    6
Chapter 2 Literature Review    8
2.1 Corpus-based Translation Studies (CTS)    8
2.2 Explicitation    9
2.2.1 Klaudy’s Explicitation Typology    9
2.3.1 Explicitation Hypothesis    12
2.3.2 CTS Studies on Explicitation    13
2.4 Pym's Risk Management Theory    15
Chapter 3 Methodology    18
3.1 Corpus Selection    18
3.3 Explicitation Typology    25
3.4 Concordance Tool    28
3.4.1 Testing for Statistical Significance    30
Chapter 4 Findings    33
4.1 Explicitation at the intra-sentential level    33
4.1.1 Verb+That-Clause    33
4.1.2 Conditional Conjunctions    38
4.1.3 Parallel Conjunctions    42
4.1.4 Causal Conjunctions    44
4.1.5 Temporal Conjunctions    47
4.1.6 Contrastive Conjunctions    49
4.2 Explicitation at the inter-sentential level    51
4.2.1 Transitional words and phrases for cause and effect    52
4.2.2 Transitional words and phrases for contrast    54
4.2.3 Transitional words and phrases for supplementary information    58
4.2.4 Transitional words for priority    61
4.3 Summary of Findings & Discussion    63
Chapter 5 Discussion & Conclusion    66
5.1 Summary and discussion    66
5.2 Limitations of the Study    67
5.3 Suggestions for Future Research    68
References    69
Appendix    73
Appendix I - List of judgments used in the corpus    73
Appendix II - Detailed list of findings in this study    102

    
 
List of Figures
Figure 1 - AntConc’s User Interface    29

 
List of Tables
Table 1 - Profile of corpus used in this study    23
Table 2 - Connectives in this study    27
Table 3 - Contingency Table for Log-likelihood Test    30
Table 4 - Number of occurrences of "verb+that-clause" being used in the corpus    36
Table 5 - More examples of “Verb+That Clause” used at the intra-sentential level    37
Table 6 - Number of occurrences of conditional conjunctions being used in the corpus    40
Table 7 - More examples of conditional conjunctions used at the intra-sentential level    41
Table 8 - Number of occurrences of parallel conjunctions being used in the corpus    43
Table 9 - More examples of parallel conjunctions used at the intra-sentential level    44
Table 10 - Number of occurrences of causal conjunctions being used in the corpus    45
Table 11 - More examples of causal conjunctions used at the intra-sentential level    46
Table 12 - Number of occurrences of temporal conjunctions being used in the corpus    48
Table 13 - More examples of temporal conjunctions used at the intra-sentential level    48
Table 14 - Number of occurrences of contrastive conjunctions being used in the corpus    49
Table 15 - More examples of contrastive conjunctions used at the intra-sentential level    50
Table 16 - Number of occurrences of transitional words and phrases for cause and effect being used in the corpus    53
Table 17 - More examples of transitional words and phrases for cause and effect used at the inter-sentential level    54
Table 18 - Number of occurrences of transitional words and phrases for contrast being used in the corpus    55
Table 19 - More examples of transitional words and phrases for contrast used at the inter-sentential level    56
Table 20 - Number of occurrences of transitional words and phrases for supplementary information being used in the corpus    59
Table 21 - More examples of transitional words and phrases for supplementary information used at the inter-sentential level    60
Table 22 - Number of occurrences of transitional words and phrases for priority being used in the corpus    62
Table 23 - More examples of transitional words and phrases for priority used at the inter-sentential level    63
Table 24 - Table of summarised findings by category    64
                                

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