簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 何雅雯
Ya-wen Ho
論文名稱: 行動輔助英語閱讀與活動設計教學之初探:以台灣高中生為例
A Preliminary Study on Mobile-Assisted English Reading and Task-Based Instructions: A Case Study on Taiwanese EFL Adolescents in Senior High School
指導教授: 林至誠
Lin, Chih-cheng
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 英語學系
Department of English
論文出版年: 2015
畢業學年度: 103
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 125
中文關鍵詞: 行動輔助閱讀任務導向學習法閱讀後活動
英文關鍵詞: mobile-assisted reading, task-based language learning, post-reading task
DOI URL: https://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202205296
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:163下載:0
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 本研究旨在檢視一個為期十週的行動輔助英語閱讀計畫及其配套的活動設計。首先,本研究使用閱讀態度量表、英語字彙測驗及英語閱讀能力測驗的前、後測探討此計畫對受試者英語閱讀態度、字彙學習及閱讀能力的影響。再者,本研究以問卷檢測受試者對閱讀後小組活動的觀感。最後,透過學習日誌及個別訪談所蒐集而來的質性資料交叉比對測驗及問卷的結果。資料分析上,以單向共變數分析法檢測此計畫對受試者的前、後測表現是否有顯著的影響。問卷結果以重複測量變異數分析法及卡方檢定法分別檢視受試者在閱讀後活動的喜好程度是否有顯著差異,以及是否有特別偏好某一種閱讀後活動類型。學習日誌及訪談的內容則以文字稿的形式進行進一步分析。
    分析結果發現這個行動輔助英語閱讀計畫對受試者的英語閱讀態度有顯著的正向影響,特別是在實用(utility)及逃離(escape)這兩個面向上;反之,在字彙學習及閱讀能力上,則沒有顯著的影響。此外,從資料中也發現受試者對本研究中所施作的閱讀後活動抱持著相當正向的觀感;受試者最為偏好兩種活動類型為討論及觀賞影音。根據研究結果,本研究盼能在塑造英語學習者的閱讀態度、促進課堂及非課堂語言學習活動以及設計行動輔助英語閱讀配套活動上提供英語教師具體建議。

    Driven by limitations observed in current studies on mobile-assisted reading, the present study proposed and examined a ten-week mobile-assisted reading program supported with five group-based post-reading tasks. To investigate the effects of the program on EFL learners’ attitudes toward English reading, vocabulary acquisition, and reading comprehension, Stokmans’ (1999) reading attitude scale, the first five levels of Nation and Beglar’s (2007) Vocabulary Size Test, and the reading section of an intermediate-level test from Cambridge English Language Assessment were administered before and after the program. A control group was further included to make the test results more inferential. Questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were also employed to survey the participants’ perceptions of the post-reading tasks. Finally, learning journals were collected every two weeks as a way to triangulate the data gathered through tests and questionnaires.
    One-way ANCOVA was performed on the test results to examine the influence of the program on the participants. One-way–repeated measures ANOVA was run on the results of the questionnaire to see whether there were particularly favorable or unfavorable tasks. As for the participants’ preferred types of post-reading tasks, their choices were turned into descriptive statistics, and underwent the chi-square test to verify the existence of a particularly welcomed task type. Finally, journals and interviews were analyzed based on recurrent themes emerging from the data.
    It was found that the participants’ attitudes toward English reading, the utility and the escape aspects in particular, became significantly more positive after the intervening program. No significant effects, however, were observed on the participants’ vocabulary acquisition and reading comprehension. Results of the questionnaires and interviews indicated that the participants perceived the post-reading tasks quite positively, and that discussion and video-watching were the two most popular types of post-reading tasks. Based on the findings, pedagogical implications concerning shaping EFL learners’ reading attitudes, promoting language learning across formal and informal settings, and devising tasks for mobile-assisted reading were offered.

    CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................... 1 Background ............................................................................................................ 1 Motivation .............................................................................................................. 4 Purpose ................................................................................................................... 6 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW......................................................................... 8 Mobile-assisted Language Learning ...................................................................... 8 Mobile-assisted Vocabulary Learning, Listening, Speaking, and Writing ..... 9 Mobile-assisted Reading .............................................................................. 17 Task-based Language Learning ........................................................................... 24 Theoretical Backgrounds of Task-based Language Learning ...................... 27 Computer-mediated Task-based Language Learning ................................... 29 Mobile-assisted Task-based Language Learning ......................................... 35 Reading Attitudes ................................................................................................. 40 CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY ................................................................................ 43 Participants ........................................................................................................... 43 Reading Materials ................................................................................................ 46 Raz-kids ....................................................................................................... 46 Assigned Reading ........................................................................................ 49 Post-reading Tasks ............................................................................................... 51 Instruments ........................................................................................................... 53 Reading Attitude Scale ................................................................................. 53 Vocabulary Test ............................................................................................ 56 Reading Comprehension Test ...................................................................... 56 Learning Journal & Questionnaire on Post-reading Tasks........................... 58 Semi-structured Interview ............................................................................ 59 vii Data Collection and Data Analysis Procedures ................................................... 59 CHAPTER 4 RESULTS .............................................................................................. 63 Reading Attitude Scale ......................................................................................... 63 Vocabulary Test .................................................................................................... 72 Reading Comprehension Test .............................................................................. 73 Questionnaire on Post-reading Tasks ................................................................... 75 General Perceptions of the Post-reading Tasks ............................................ 75 Preferred Types of Post-reading Tasks ......................................................... 76 Learning Journal .................................................................................................. 79 Attitudinal Changes in English Reading ...................................................... 79 General Perceptions of the Post-reading Tasks ............................................ 83 Semi-structured Interview .................................................................................... 84 General Perceptions of the Post-reading Tasks ............................................ 85 Choices of Impressive Tasks ........................................................................ 87 CHAPTER 5 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS ................................................. 90 Major Findings and Discussion ........................................................................... 90 The Effects of a Mobile-assisted Reading Program on EFL Learners’ Attitudes toward English Reading, Vocabulary Acquisition, and Reading Comprehension ............................................................................................ 91 EFL Learners’ Perceptions of the Post-reading Tasks Implemented in the Present Study ............................................................................................... 96 Conclusions .......................................................................................................... 99 Pedagogical Implications ................................................................................... 100 Limitations of the Study and Suggestions for Further Research ....................... 102 REFERENCES .......................................................................................................... 104 APPENDIX A ............................................................................................................ 114 viii APPENDIX B ............................................................................................................ 115 APPENDIX C ............................................................................................................ 118 APPENDIX D ............................................................................................................ 119 APPENDIX E ............................................................................................................ 120 APPENDIX F............................................................................................................. 124 APPENDIX G ............................................................................................................ 124 APPENDIX H ............................................................................................................ 124 APPENDIX I ............................................................................................................. 124

    AbuSeileek, A. F. (2012). The effect of computer-assisted cooperative learning methods and group size on the EFL learners’ achievement in communication skills. Computers & Education, 58(1), 231-239. Alexander, J. E., & Filler, R. C. (1976). Attitudes and reading. Newark, DE: International Reading Association. Barson, J., Frommer, J., & Schwartz, M. (1993). Foreign language learning using e-mail in a task-oriented perspective: Interuniversity experiments in communication and collaboration. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 2(4), 565-584. Belanger, Y. (2005). Duke University iPod first year experience final evaluation report. Bell, T. (2001). Extensive reading: speed and comprehension. The Reading Matrix, 1(1). Retrieved April 5, 2013, from http://www.readingmatrix.com/articles/bell/. Bernard, M. L., Chaparro, B. S., Mills, M. M., & Halcomb, C. G. (2003). Comparing the effects of text size and format on the readibility of computer-displayed Times New Roman and Arial text. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 59(6), 823-835. Blake, R. (2000). Computer mediated communication: A window on L2 Spanish interlanguage. Language Learning & Technology, 4(1), 120-136. Breen, M. (1987). Learner contributions to task design. Language learning tasks, 7, 23-46. Brown, E. (2001). Mobile learning explorations at the Stanford Learning Lab.Speaking of computers, 55, 112-120. Bruce Taylor, D., Mraz, M., Nichols, W. D., Rickelman, R. J., & Wood, K. D. (2009). Using explicit instruction to promote vocabulary learning for struggling readers. Reading & Writing Quarterly, 25(2-3), 205-220. Candlin, C. (1987). Towards task-based language learning. Language learning tasks, 5-22. Chan, T. W., Roschelle, J., Hsi, S., Sharples, M., Brown, T. O. M., Patton, C., & Hoppe, U. (2006). One-to-one technology-enhanced learning: an opportunity for global research collaboration. Research & Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning,1(1), 3-29. Chang, C. K., & Hsu, C. K. (2011). A mobile-assisted synchronously collaborative translation–annotation system for English as a foreign language (EFL) reading comprehension. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 24(2), 155-180. Chang, K.-Y. R., & Smith, W. E. (1991). Cooperative learning and CALL/IVD in
    105
    beginning Spanish: An experiment. Modern Language Journal, 75, 205-211. Chapelle, C. (2003). English language learning and technology: Lectures on applied linguistics in the age of information and communication technology (Vol. 7). John Benjamins Publishing. Chen, N. S., Hsieh, S. W., & Kinshuk, K. (2008). Effects of short-term memory and content representation type on mobile language learning. Language learning & technology, 12(3), 93-113. Chinnery, G. M. (2006). Emerging technologies. Going to the mall: mobile assisted language learning. Language learning & technology, 10(1), 9-16. Cho, K. S., & Krashen, S. D. (1994). Acquisition of vocabulary from the Sweet Valley Kids series: Adult ESL acquisition. Journal of Reading, 662-667. Chun, D. M. (1994). Using computer networking to facilitate the acquisition of interactive competence. System, 22(1), 17-31. Cloer Jr, T., & Pearman, B. (1992). The Relationship of Gender to Attitudes about Academic and Recreational Reading. Cohen, E. (1994). Designing groupwork (2nd ed.). New York: Teachers College Press. Comas-Quinn, A., Mardomingo, R., & Valentine, C. (2009). Mobile blogs in language learning: making the most of informal and situated learning opportunities. ReCALL, 21(1), 96-112. Crawford Camiciottoli, B. (2001). Extensive reading in English: Habits and attitudes of a group of Italian university EFL students. Journal of Research in Reading, 24, 135–153. Damon, W. (1984). Peer education: The untapped potential. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 5(4), 331-343. Darhower, M. (2002). Interactional features of synchronous computer-mediated communication in the intermediate L2 class: A sociocultural case study.CALICO journal, 19(2), 249-277. Davis, C. (1995). Extensive reading: An expensive extravagance? ELT Journal, 49(4), 329-336. Day, R., & Bamford, J. (1998). Extensive reading in the second language classroom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Day, R., & Bamford, J. (2002). Top ten principles for teaching extensive reading. Reading in a foreign language, 14(2), 136-141. de la Fuente, M. J. (2014). Learners' attention to input during focus on form listening tasks: the role of mobile technology in the second language classroom. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 27(3) , 261-276. Dias, J. (2002). Cell phones in the classroom: boon or bane? Part 2. C@ filling Japan, 10(3), 8-13.
    106
    Dillenbourg, P. (1999). Collaborative learning: cognitive and computational approaches. In Dillenbourg, P. (Ed.). Pergamon, Elsevier Science. Dyson, M. C., & Haselgrove, M. (2001). The influence of reading speed and line length on the effectiveness of reading from screen. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 54(4), 585-612. Dyson, M. C., & Kipping, G. J. (1997). The legibility of screen formats: are three columns better than one?. Computers & Graphics, 21(6), 703-712. Ellis, R. (2003). Task-based language learning and teaching. Oxford University Press. Facer, B. R., & Yen, C. J. (2012). Academic effectiveness of podcasting: A comparative study of integrated versus supplemental use of podcasting in second language classes. Computers & Education, 58(1), 43-52. Falloon, G., & Khoo, E. (2014). Exploring young students' talk in iPad-supported collaborative learning environments. Computers & Education, 77, 13-28. Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. Geddes, S. J. (2004). Mobile learning in the 21st century: benefit for learners.Knowledge Tree e-journal, 30(3), 214-228. Ghaith, G. M. (2003). Relationship between reading attitudes, achievement, and learners perceptions of their Jigsaw II cooperative learning experience. Reading Psychology, 24(2). González-Bueno, M. (1998). The effects of electronic mail on Spanish L2 discourse. Language Learning & Technology, 1(2), 55–70. Greenfield, R. (2003). Collaborative e-mail exchange for teaching secondary ESL: A case study in Hong Kong. Language Learning and Technology, 7(1), 46-70. Gromik, N. A. (2012). Cell phone video recording feature as a language learning tool: A case study. Computers & Education, 58(1), 223-230. Hampel, R. (2006). Rethinking task design for the digital age: A framework for language teaching and learning in a synchronous online environment. RECALL-HULL THEN CAMBRIDGE-, 18(1), 105. Harnad, S. (1991). Post-Gutenberg galaxy: The fourth revolution in the means of production of knowledge. Public-access computer systems review, 2(1), 39-53. Harris, A. J., & Sipay, E. R. (1980). How to Increase Reading Ability: A Guide to Developmental and Remedial Methods-Rev. and Enlarged. Longman. Hitosugi, C. I. & Day, R. R. (2004). Extensive reading in Japanese. Reading in a Foreign Language, 16(1), 20-39. Retrieved January 7th, 2008 from http://nflrc.hawaii.edu/rfl/April2004/hitosugi/hitosugi.html. Holt, D. D. (1993). Cooperativele arning.W ashing-ton, DC: Center for Applied Linguistics & ERIC Clearinghouse on Languages and Linguistics.
    107
    Hourigan, T., & Murray, L. (2010). Using blogs to help language students to develop reflective learning strategies: Towards a pedagogical framework.Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 26(2), 209-225. Hsu, C. K., Hwang, G. J., & Chang, C. K. (2013). A personalized recommendation-based mobile learning approach to improving the reading performance of EFL students. Computers & Education (63), 327-336. Huang, Y. M., Liang, T. H., Su, Y. N., & Chen, N. S. (2012). Empowering personalized learning with an interactive e-book learning system for elementary school students. Education Tech Research Dev, 60, 703-722. Huff, C., & King, R. (1988, August). An experiment in electronic collaboration. InJD Goodchild (chair), Interacting by Computer: Effects on Small Group Style and Structure, symposium conducted at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, Atlanta, GA. Janda, T. (1995). Breaking the ice: E-mail dialogue journal introductions and responses. Virtual connections: Online activities and projects for networking language learners, 57-58. Jiménez, R. T. (1997). The strategic reading abilities and potential of five low-literacy Latina/o readers in middle school. Reading Research Quarterly, 32, 224–243. Jiménez, R. T., Garcia, G. E., & Pearson, P. D. (1995). Three children, two languages, and strategic reading: Case studies in bilingual/monolingual reading. American Educational Research Journal, 32, 67–97. Jiménez, R. T., Garcia, G. E., & Pearson, P. D. (1996). The reading strategies of bilingual Latina/o students who are successful English readers: Opportunities and obstacles. Reading Research Quarterly, 31, 90–112. Jones, T. & Brown, C. (2011). Reading engagement: a comparison between e-books and traditional pint books in an elementary classroom. International Journal of Instruction, 4(2), 5-22. Judge, P. B. (2011). Driven to read: enthusiastic readers in a Japanese high school’s extensive reading program. Reading in a Foreign Language, 23(2), 161-186. Kessler, C. (1992). Cooperativela nguage learning:A teacher'sr esourceb ook.E nglewood Cliffs, NJ: Pren-tice Hall Regents. Kiernan, P. J., & Aizawa, K. A. Z. U. M. I. (2004). Cell phones in task based learning. Are cell phones useful language learning tools?. ReCALL, 16(1), 71-84. Kitade, K. (2006). The negotiation model in asynchronous computer-mediated communication (CMC): Negotiation in task-based email exchanges. CALICO Journal, 23(2), 319-348. Kohonen, V. (1992). Experiential language learning: second language learning as cooperative learner education. Collaborative language learning and teaching, 14-39.
    108
    Korat, O. (2010). Reading electronic books as a support for vocabulary, story comprehension and word reading in kindergarten and first grade. Computers & Education, 55(1), 24–31. Krashen, S. D. (1985). The input hypothesis: Issues and implications (Vol. 1, p. 985). London: Longman. Kroonenberg, N. (1994). Developing communicative and thinking skills via electronic mail. TESOL journal, 4(2), 24-27. Kukulska-Hulme, A. (2005). Mobile usability and user experience. Mobile Learning: A handbook for educators and trainers, 45-56. Kukulska-Hulme, A. (2005). The mobile language learner—now and in the future. Fran Vision till Praktik. Language Learning Symposium conducted at Umea University in Sweden. Kukulska-Hulme, A., & Shield, L. (2007). An Overview of Mobile Assisted Language Learning: Can mobile devices support collaborative practice in speaking and listening. EuroCALL 2007. Kukulska-Hulme, A., & Shield, L. (2008). An overview of mobile assisted language learning: From content delivery to supported collaboration and interaction. ReCALL, 20(3), 271-289. Kukulska-Hulme, A., & Traxler, J. (Eds.). (2007). Mobile learning: A handbook for educators and trainers. Routledge. Kush, J. C., & Watkins, M. W. (1996). Long-term stability of children's attitudes toward reading. The Journal of Educational Research, 89(5), 315-319. Kwon, S., & Lee, J. E. (2010). Design principles of m-learning for ESL.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 1884-1889. Lan, Y. J., Sung, Y. T., & Chang, K. E. (2007). A mobile-device-supported peer-assisted learning system for collaborative early EFL reading. Language Learning & Technology, 11(3), 130-151. Lee, L. (2011). Blogging: Promoting learner autonomy and intercultural competence through study abroad. Language Learning & Technology, 15(3), 87-109. Lee, S. Y. (2007) Revelations from Three Consecutive Studies on Extensive Reading. Regional Language Centre Journal, 38(2), 152-172. Leung, C. Y. (2002). Extensive Reading and Language Learning: A Diary Study of a Beginning Learner of Japanese. Reading in a Foreign Language, 14(1). Retrieved April 5, 2013, from http://nflrc.hawaii.edu/rfl/april2002/leung/leung.html. Leung, C. Y. (2002). Extensive Reading and Language Learning: A Diary Study of a Beginning Learner of Japanese. Reading in a Foreign Language, 14(1). Retrieved April 5, 2013, from
    109
    http://nflrc.hawaii.edu/rfl/april2002/leung/leung.html. Levy, M., & Kennedy, C. (2005). Learning Italian via mobile SMS. Mobile learning: A handbook for educators and trainers, 76-83. Levy, M., & Stockwell, G. (2006). CALL dimensions: Options and issues in computer-assisted language learning. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Li, M., Ogata, H., Hashimoto, S., & Yano, Y. (2009). Adaptive Kanji learning using mobile-based email. In Proceedings of the 17th international conference on computers in education (pp. 520-526). Li, Z., & Hegelheimer, V. (2013). Mobile-assisted grammar exercises: effects on self-editing in L2 writing. Language Learning & Technology 17(3), 135-156. Lin, C. C. (2010). E-book flood for changing EFL learners’ reading attitudes. US-China Education Review, 7(11), 36-43. Lin, Y. J. (2009) The effects of e-books on EFL learners’ reading attitude. Unpublished master’s thesis, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan. Long, M. H. (1983). Native speaker/non-native speaker conversation and the negotiation of comprehensible input1. Applied linguistics, 4(2), 126-141. Long, M. H. (1996). The role of the linguistic environment in second language acquisition. Handbook of second language acquisition, 2, 413-468. Ma, R. (1996). Computer-mediated conversations as a new dimension of intercultural communication between East Asian and North American college students. In S. Herring (Ed.), Computer-mediated communication: Linguistic, social, and cross-cultural perspectives (pp. 173–185). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Mathewson, G. C. (1994). Model of attitude influence upon reading and learning to read. In R. B. Ruddell, M. R. Ruddell, & H. Singer, (Eds.), Theoretical models and processes of reading (4th ed.; pp. 1121–1161). Newark, DE: International Reading Association. McCarty, S. (2005). Spoken Internet to Go: Popularization through Podcasting. JALT-CALL Journal, 1 (2): 67-74. McGuire, T. W., Kiesler, S., & Siegel, J. (1987). Group and computer-mediated discussion effects in risk decision making. Journal of personality and social psychology, 52(5), 917. McKenna, M. C. (1994). Toward a model of reading attitude acquisition. In E. H. Crammer & M. Castle (Eds.), Fostering the love of reading: The affective domain in reading education (pp. 18–40). Newark, DE: International Reading Association. McKenna, M. C., Stratton, B. D., Grindler, M. C., & Jenkins, S. J. (1995). Differential
    110
    effects of whole language and traditional instruction on reading attitudes. Journal of Literacy Research, 27(1), 19-44. Mercer, N. (1994). The quality of talk in children's joint activity at the computer.Journal of computer assisted learning, 10(1), 24-32. Mizumoto, A., & Takeuchi, O. (2009). Examining the effectiveness of explicit instruction of vocabulary learning strategies with Japanese EFL university students. Language Teaching Research, 13(4), 425-449. Motteram, G. & Thomas, M. (2010). Afterword: Future Directions for Technology-Mediated Tasks. Task-based language learning and teaching with technology, 218-237. Nation, P. & Beglar, D. (2007) A vocabulary size test. The Language Teacher, 31(7), 9-13. Nation, P. (1997). The language learning benefits of extensive reading.LANGUAGE TEACHER-KYOTO-JALT-, 21, 13-16. National Council for Curriculum and Assessment (NCCA). (2009). Foghlaim Ón Nuatheicneolaíocht. [Learning through new technology]. FÓN Project report. Nunan, D. (2006). Task-based language teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. O’Dowd, R. (2003). Understanding the “other side”: Intercultural learning in a Spanish-English e-mail exchange. Language learning & technology, 7(2), 118-144. Ogata, H., & Yano, Y. (2003). How ubiquitous computing can support language learning. Proceedings of KEST, 1-6. O'Malley, C., Vavoula, G., Glew, J., Taylor, J., Sharples, M., Lefrere, P., ... & Waycott, J. (2005). Guidelines for learning/teaching/tutoring in a mobile environment. Retrieved March 23, 2014, from, http://www.mobilearn.org/download/results/guidelines.pdf. Petersen, S. A., & Divitini, M. (2005, November). Language learning: from individual learners to communities. In Wireless and Mobile Technologies in Education, 2005. WMTE 2005. IEEE International Workshop on (pp. 5-pp). IEEE. Peterson, M. (2010). Task-Based Language Teaching in Network-Based CALL: An Analysis of Research on Learner Interaction in Synchronous CMC. Task-based language learning and teaching with technology, 41-62. Powell, S. (2005). Extensive reading and its role in Japanese schools. The Reading Matrix, 5(2), 28-42. Powell, S. (2005). Extensive reading and its role in Japanese schools. The Reading Matrix, 5(2), 28-42. Robinson, P. (2011). Task‐Based Language Learning: A Review of Issues.Language
    111
    Learning, 61(s1), 1-36. Rokeach, M. (1968). Beliefs, attitudes and values: A theory of organization and change. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Sainsbury, M. (2004). Children's attitudes to reading. Education Review, 17(2). Salaberry, M.R. (2001). The use of technology for second language learning and teaching: A Samuels, J. (2003). Wireless and handheld devices for language learning. InProceedings of the 19th Annual Conference on Distance Teaching and Learning, Madison, WI. Sandberg, J., Maris, M., & de Geus, K. (2011). Mobile English learning: An evidence-based study with fifth graders. Computers & Education, 57(1), 1334-1347. Sani, A. M., & Zain, Z. (2011). Relating Adolescents' Second Language Reading Attitudes, Self Efficacy for Reading, and Reading Ability in a Non-Supportive ESL Setting. Reading Matrix: An International Online Journal, 11(3), 243-254. Sarica, G. N., & Cavus, N. (2009). New trends in 21st Century English learning.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 1(1), 439-445. Schmidt, R. W. (1990). The Role of Consciousness in Second Language Learning1. Applied linguistics, 11(2), 129-158. Schwartz, M. (1995). Computers and the language laboratory: Learning from history. Foreign Language Annals, 28(4), 527-535. Segal-Drori, O., Korat, O., Shamir, A., & Klein, P. S. (2010). Reading electronic and printed books with and without adult instruction: Effects on emergent reading. Reading and Writing, 23(8), 913–930. Skehan, P. (2003). Focus on form, tasks, and technology. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 16(5), 391-411. Slavin, R.E. (1980). Cooperative learning. Review of Educational Research, 50(2), 315–342. Smith, B. (2003). The use of communication strategies in computer-mediated communication. System, 31(1), 29-53. Smith, M. C. (1990). A longitudinal investigation of reading attitude development from childhood to adulthood. The Journal of Educational Research, 83, 215–219. Stockwell, G. (2010). Effects of multimodality in computer-‐mediated communication tasks. Task-based language learning and teaching with technology, 83-104. Stokmans, M. J. W. (1999). Reading attitude and it is effect on leisure time reading. Poetics, 26, 245-261. Sullivan, N., & Pratt, E. (1996). A comparative study of two ESL writing
    112
    environments: A computer-assisted classroom and a traditional oral classroom.System, 24(4), 491-501. Swain, M. (1985). Communicative competence: Some roles of comprehensible input and comprehensible output in its development. Input in second language acquisition, 15, 165-179. Swain, M. (2001). Integrating language and content teaching through collaborative tasks. Canadian Modern Language Review/La Revue canadienne des langues vivantes, 58(1), 44-63. Tanaka, H. & Stapleton, P. (2007). Increasing reading input in Japanese high school EFL classrooms: an empirical study exploring efficacy of extensive reading. The Reading Matrix, 7(1), 115-131. Thomas, M., & Reinders, H. (Eds.). (2010). Task-based language learning and teaching with technology. Continuum. Thornton, P., & Houser, C. (2005). Using mobile phones in English education in Japan. Journal of computer assisted learning, 21(3), 217-228. Traxler, J. (2005). Mobile Learning: It’s here, but what is it. Interactions, 9(1), 1-12. Trifonova, A., & Ronchetti, M. (2003). Where is mobile learning going?. In World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education (Vol. 2003, No. 1, pp. 1794-1801). Trifonova, A., Knapp, J., Ronchetti, M., & Gamper, J. (2004). Mobile ELDIT: Challenges in the Transition from an e-Learning to an m-Learning System. Retrieved March 23, 2014, from, http://eprints.biblio.unitn.it/532/1/paper4911.pdf. Tudge, J., & Rogoff, B. (1999). Peer influences on cognitive development: Piagetian and Vygotskian perspectives. Lev Vygotsky: Critical assessments, 3, 32-56. Uzunboylu, H., Cavus, N., & Ercag, E. (2009). Using mobile learning to increase environmental awareness. Computers & Education, 52(2), 381-389. Verdugo, D.R., & Belmonte, I.A. (2007). Using digital stories to improve listening comprehension with Spanish young learners of English. Language Learning and Technology, 11(1), 87–101. Vilmi, R. (1995). International environment activity. Virtual connections: Online activities and projects for networking language learners, 205-207. Vygotsky, L. S. (1980). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Harvard university press. Wang, Y. M. (1996). E-Mail Dialogue Journaling in an ESL Reading and Writing Classroom. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Oregon, Eugene. Warschauer, M. (1997). Computer‐mediated collaborative learning: theory and practice. The Modern Language Journal, 81(4), 470-481.
    113
    Wong, L. H., & Looi, C. K. (2011). What seams do we remove in mobile-assisted seamless learning? A critical review of the literature. Computers & Education, 57(4), 2364-2381. Worthy, J. (2002). What Makes Intermediate-Grade Students Want To Read?.Reading Teacher, 55(6), 568-69. Wu, J.R.W, Wu, R.Y.F. (2007): Using the CEFR in Taiwan: the perspective of a local examination board. The Language Training and Testing Center. Wu, W. H., Jim Wu, Y. C., Chen, C. Y., Kao, H. Y., Lin, C. H., & Huang, S. H. (2012). Review of trends from mobile learning studies: A meta-analysis.Computers & Education, 59(2), 817-827. Yamashita, J. (2004). Reading Attitudes in L1 and L2, and Their Influence on L2 Extensive Reading. Reading in a foreign language, 16(1), 1-19. Yamashita, J. (2013). Effects of extensive reading on reading attitudes in a foreign language. Reading in a Foreign Language, 25(2), 2. Zurita, G., & Nussbaum, M. (2004). Computer supported collaborative learning using wirelessly interconnected handheld computers. Computers & education, 42(3), 289-314.

    無法下載圖示 本全文未授權公開
    QR CODE