簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 杜貞儀
Tu, Chen-Yi
論文名稱: 推論與摘要策略教學結合英文繪本閱讀對台灣國中生之成效探究
A Study of Inference Making and Summarizing Strategy Instruction with English Picture Books Reading for Junior High School Students
指導教授: 李宜倩
Lee, Yi-Chien
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 英語學系
Department of English
論文出版年: 2017
畢業學年度: 105
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 121
中文關鍵詞: 閱讀策略教學英文繪本推論摘要
英文關鍵詞: Reading strategy instruction, English picture books, Inference making, Summarization
DOI URL: https://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202202465
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:126下載:39
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 本研究旨在探究推論與摘要策略教學結合英文繪本閱讀對台灣國中生之成效,以及過程中學生的學習經驗。本研究提出了兩個研究問題:(一)推論、摘要策略教學結合英文繪本閱讀,可以促進國中生推論與摘要策略的學習嗎?(二)過程中,學生對於推論、摘要策略教學結合英文繪本閱讀的學習看法如何?
    研究對象為一個國中七年級的普通班,共二十五位學生。在推論與摘要策略教學中,共搭配四本英文繪本讓學生閱讀。整個過程為期一個月,共八堂課。資料收集方式包含前後測、問卷、訪談、學習單、教學日誌以期提高研究結果的可信度。
    研究結果顯示,第一,推論與摘要策略教學結合英文繪本閱讀可有效的促進學生推論與摘要策略的學習。第二,學生對此課程多抱持正向的看法,主要為推論、摘要策略的學習可以幫助他們在閱讀上更有效率;而英文繪本因為有完整的故事、豐富的內容、圖片的輔助,所以對推論、摘要策略的學習有正向的幫助。本研究在最後根據結果提出教學建議、研究限制,以及未來相關研究的方向,供日後作為參考。

    This present study aims to examine the effects and explore the learning experience of inference making and summarizing strategy instruction with picture books on junior high school students in Taiwan. The following two research questions are investigated in this study: (1) Can the reading strategy instruction using picture books reading facilitate junior high school students’ learning of inference making and summarizing strategy? (2) What is the students’ perception of their learning experience on the reading strategy instruction using picture books?
    The participants were one regular seventh-grade class with twenty-five students. Four picture books were employed in the reading strategy instruction. The intervention lasted for one month and included eight classes. Data from various sources were collected to validate the results, including the Pre- and Post-test of the reading strategies application, the Pre- and Post-study questionnaire on participants’ responses, interview, participants’ worksheets, and teacher’s reflective journal.
    The two major findings can be summarized as follows. Firstly, reading strategy instruction with picture books facilitated the learning of inferencing making and summarization. Secondly, participants’ perceptions toward the overall curriculum were positive. The two reading strategies made the participants become active and effective readers. Picture books effectively promoted the learning of the two strategies because of its complete storyline, rich contextual clues, and words with illustrations. Based on the findings of this study, pedagogical implications were proposed, and suggestions for future research were discussed.

    摘要 i ABSTRACT ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii TABLE OF CONTENTS iv LIST OF TABLES vii CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background and Motivation 1 1.1.1 Problems in Reading Instruction 1 1.1.2 Research Rationale 4 1.2 Purpose of the Study 9 1.3 Significance of the Study 10 CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 11 2.1 Reading Instruction 11 2.1.1 Reading Process 11 2.1.2 Metacognition in Reading Process 12 2.1.3 Metacognitive Reading Strategy Instruction 14 2.1.4 Selected Reading Strategies in Reading Instruction 16 Inference Making 16 Summarizing Strategy through Graphic Organizers (GOs) 18 2.1.5 Empirical Studies on Reading Strategy Instruction and Reading Comprehension 21 2.2 Reading Strategy Instruction and Picture Books 23 2.2.1 Values of Picture Books in Teaching Reading 23 Language Development 23 Illustration Assistance 24 Diverse Story 25 Motivation Raising 26 Instruction Applying 27 2.2.2 Empirical Studies on Reading Strategy Instruction and Picture Books Reading 28 CHAPTER THREE METHODOLOGY 30 3.1 Participants and Setting 30 3.2 Research Design 31 3.2.1 Purpose of the Study 31 3.2.2 Picture Books as Teaching Materials 32 3.2.3 Overall Procedure 34 Prior to the Instruction 34 During the Instruction 34 After the Instruction 36 3.3 Data Collection 37 3.3.1 Pre- and Post-test on Inference Making and Summarizing Strategy 38 3.3.2 Pre- and Post-study Questionnaire on the Students’ Response to Reading Strategy Instruction with Picture Books Reading 38 3.3.3 Post-interview 39 3.3.4 Worksheets 40 3.3.5 Teacher’s Reflective Teaching Journal 40 3.4 Data Analysis 41 3.4.1 Quantitative Analysis 41 3.4.2 Qualitative Analysis 41 CHAPTER FOUR RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 43 4.1 Effects on the Students’ Learning of Inference Making and Summarization 43 4.2 Students’ Perceived Learning Experience 47 4.2.1 Students’ Responses to Reading Strategy Instruction 47 Overall Responses to Inference Making and Summarizing Strategy Learning 47 Difficulties in Learning Inference Making and Summarizing Strategy 52 4.2.2 Students’ Responses to English Picture Books Reading 58 Overall Responses to English Picture Books Reading 59 Preference between Picture Books and Textbooks 61 Preference for the Four Selected Picture Books 64 4.2.3 Students’ Responses to the Curriculum 66 Responses to the Overall Curriculum 66 Suggestions for the Overall Curriculum 67 CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSION 71 5.1 Summary of Major Findings 71 5.2 Pedagogical Implications 72 5.3 Limitations and Suggestions for Future Research 75 REFERENCES 77 APPENDIXES 93 Appendix A 93 Lesson Plan 93 Appendix B 95 Worksheet 1 95 Worksheet 2 97 Worksheet 3 99 Worksheet 4 100 Worksheet 5 101 Worksheet 6 102 Appendix C 103 Pre-test on Inference Making and Summarizing Strategy 103 Appendix D 106 Post-test on Inference Making and Summarizing Strategy 106 Appendix E 109 Pre-study Questionnaire on Students’ Response to Reading Strategy Instruction with Picture Books Reading 109 Pre-study Questionnaire on Students’ Response to Reading Strategy Instruction with Picture Books Reading (English Version) 111 Appendix F 113 Post-study Questionnaire on Students’ Response to Reading Strategy Instruction with Picture Books Reading 113 Post-study Questionnaire on Students’ Response to Reading Strategy Instruction with Picture Books Reading (English Version) 116 Appendix G 119 Semi-structured Interview Questions 119 Appendix H 120 Text Modification in the Picture Book 120

    Aebersold, J. A., & Field, M. L. (1997). From reader to reading teacher. New York: Cambridge University Press.
    Aikman, C.C. (1995). Ideas in practice: Picture books and developmental students. Journal of Developmental Education, 19(1), 28-32.
    Al Khaiyali, A. S. (2014). ESL Elementary Teachers' Use of Children's Picture Books to Initiate Explicit Instruction of Reading Comprehension Strategies. English Language Teaching, 7(2), 90-102.
    Alderson, J. C. (2000). Assessing reading. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    Almasi, J. F. (2003). Teaching strategic processes in reading. New York: Guilford Press.
    Alves, K. D., Kennedy, M. J., Brown, T. S., & Solis, M. (2015). Story Grammar Instruction with Third and Fifth Grade Students with Learning Disabilities and Other Struggling Readers. Learning Disabilities: A Contemporary Journal, 13(1), 73-93.
    Anderson, N. J. (1999). Exploring second language reading: Issues and strategies. Boston: Heinle & Heinle.
    Bai, Q. M. (2007). Study on Reading Strategies in College English Teaching: Top-down or bottom-up?. Sino-US English Teaching, 4(7), 27-31.
    Baker, L., & Brown, A. L. (1984). Metacognitive skills and reading. Handbook of reading research, 1(353), V394.
    Bishop, R. S., & Hickman, J. (1992). Four or fourteen or forty: Picture books are for everyone. In S. Benedict, & L. Carlisle (Eds.), Beyond words: Picture books for older readers and writers (pp.1-10). Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann Educational Books.
    Boon, R. T., Paal, M., Hintz, A., & Cornelius-Freyre, M. (2015). A Review of Story Mapping Instruction for Secondary Students with LD. Learning Disabilities -A Contemporary Journal, 13(2), 117-140.
    Brewster, J., G. Ellis, & D. Girard. (2002). The primary English teacher’s guide. Harlow, UK: Pearson Education.
    Brown, A. L., & Day, J. D. (1983). Macrorules for summarizing text: The development of expertise. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 22, 1-14.
    Brown, A. L., Palincsar, A. S., & Armbruster, B. B. (1984). Instructing comprehension fostering activities in interactive learning situations. In H. Mandl, N. Stein, & T. Trabasso (Eds.), Learning from texts (pp. 285-286). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    Carle, E. (1994). The very hungry caterpillar. Philomel Books.
    Carrell, P. L. (1998). Can reading strategies be successfully taught? Australian Review of Applied Linguistics, 21, 1-20.
    Carrell, P. L., Gajdusek, L., & Wise, T. (1998). Metacognition and EFL/ESL reading. Instructional Science, 26(1 & 2), 97-112.
    Carrell, P. L., Pharis, B. G., & Liberto, J. (1989). Metacognitive strategy training for ESL reading. TESOL Quarterly, 23, 647-678.
    Casazza, M. E. (1993). Using a model of direct instruction to teach summary writing in a college reading class. Journal of Reading, 37(3), 202-208.
    Chen, C. H. (2009). A Study on Teaching Reading Strategies through English Picture Books at Junior High School. Unpublished master’s thesis. National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
    Chen, J. C. (2005). Explicit Instruction of Reading Strategies at Senior High School in Taiwan. Unpublished master’s thesis. National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
    Chen, S. T. (2006). A Comparative Study of the Bottom-up and Top-down Reading Strategy Training for Students in a Junior High School. Unpublished master’s thesis. National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
    Chen, Y. C. (2009). The Effects of contextual inference strategy on vocabulary learning and reading comprehension in a junior high school in Taiwan. Unpublished master’s thesis. National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan.
    Chiang, L. C. (2002). Promoting EFL students’ reading comprehension through strategic instruction. Journal of Science and Technology, 11(6), 469-480.
    Chiang, Y. J. (2015). Taiwanese TVES Business-majored Graduate Students’ Reading Difficulties and Strategy Use for Academic Purposes. Unpublished master’s thesis. National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
    Chien, C. W. (2013). Using Raphael's QARs as Differentiated Instruction with Picture Books. English Teaching Forum, 51(3), 20-27.
    Chiu, C. H. (1999).The Effects of Metacognitive Strategy Training on English Reading Comprehension and Attitudes of EFL Students in Senior High School. Unpublished master’s thesis. National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
    Cho, B., & Kim, J. (1999). The improvement of children’s creativity through Korean picture books. Childhood Education, 75(6), 337-341.
    Chu, T. Y. (2015). Effects of Questioning the Author on Reading Motivation and Reading Comprehension of Junior High School Students in Taiwan. Unpublished master’s thesis. National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
    Chuang, C. P. (2010). Semantic Mapping Strategy Training in EFL Reading Instruction. Unpublished master’s thesis. National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
    Chung, Y. C. (2016). Exploring Junior High School Students' Perception on the Effects of Reciprocal Teaching in English Reading Courses. Unpublished master’s thesis. National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
    Clinton, V. (2015). Examining Associations between Reading Motivation and Inference Generation beyond Reading Comprehension Skill. Reading Psychology, 36(6), 473-498.
    Collie, J., & Slater, S. (1987). Literature in the Language Classroom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    Creswell, J. W. (2012). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage publications.
    Davis, J. N. & L. Bistodeau. (1993). How do L1 and L2 reading differ? Evidence from think aloud protocols. The Modern Language Journal, 77(4), 459- 472.
    Deng, P. Y. (2009). The Effects of Reading Strategy Instruction Integrated with English Electronic Storybooks on Chinese EFL Sixth Graders' Reading Comprehension. Unpublished master’s thesis. National Changhua Normal University, Changhua, Taiwan.
    Denzin, N. K. (1978). The research act: A theoretical introduction to sociological methods (2nd ed.). Chicago: Aldine.
    Dickson, S. V., Collins, V. L., Simmons, D. C., & Kameenui, E. J. (1998). Metacognitive strategies: Research bases. What reading research tells us about children with diverse learning needs: Bases and basics, 295-360.
    Dole, J. A. (2003). Professional Development in Reading Comprehension Instruction. Rethinking Reading Comprehension, 176-191.
    Dollins, C. (2011). Comprehending Expository Texts: Scaffolding Students through Writing Summaries. California Reader, 45(2).
    Drever, E. (1995). Using Semi-Structured Interviews in Small-Scale Research. A Teacher's Guide.
    Dromsky, A. (2011). A Comparison of Two Strategies for Teaching Third Graders to Summarize Information Texts. University of Maryland, College Park.
    Duffy, G. G. (2002). The case for direct explanation of strategies. Comprehension instruction: Research-based best practices, 28-41.
    Duffy, G., & Roehler, L. (1982). Instruction as sense-making: Implications for teacher education. Action in Teacher Education, 4, 1-7.
    Elbro, C., & Buch-Iversen, I. (2013). Activation of Background Knowledge for Inference Making: Effects on Reading Comprehension. Scientific Studies Of Reading, 17(6), 435-452.
    El-Dinary, P. B. (2002). Challenges of Implementing Transactional Strategies Instruction for Reading Comprehension. Comprehension Instruction: Research-based Best Practices, 201-215.
    Fan, Y. C. (2008). Training Strategic Reading for Pre-Service English Teachers. Hwa Kang Journal Of English Language & Literature, 101.
    Farrell, T. S. (2001). Teaching reading strategies: “It takes time!”. Reading in a Foreign Language, 13, 631-646.
    Flavell, J. H. (1976). Metacognitive aspects of problem solving. The nature of intelligence, 231-235.
    Flavell, J. H. (1979). Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive-developmental inquiry. American Psychologist, 34, 906-911.
    Friend, R. (2001). Effects of strategy instruction on summary writing of college students. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 26, 3-24.
    Furtado, L., & Johnson, L. (2010). Enhancing Summarization Skills Using Twin Texts: Instruction in Narrative and Expository Text Structures. Reading Matrix: An International Online Journal, 10(2), 271-281.
    Gan, X. N. (2015). A Study of Taiwanese College Students’ English Reading Proficiency, English Learning Beliefs, and English Reading Strategies Use on ESP. Unpublished master’s thesis. National Pingtung University, Pingtung, Taiwan.
    Ghosn, I. K. (2002). Four good reasons to use literature in primary school ELT. ELT journal, 56(2), 172-179.
    Giddings, L. R. (1992). Literature-based reading instruction: An analysis. Reading Research and Instruction, 31, 18-30.
    Goodman, K. S. (1967). Reading: A psycholinguistic guessing game. Literacy Research and Instruction, 6(4), 126-135.
    Goodwin, P. (Ed.). (2008). Understanding children’s books: A guide for education professionals. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications Inc.
    Gough, P. B. (1972). One second of reading. Visible Language, 6(4), 291-320.
    Hacker, D. J., Dunlosky, J., & Graesser, A. C. (Eds.). (1998). Metacognition in educational theory and practice. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
    Hall, C. S. (2016). Inference Instruction for Struggling Readers: A Synthesis of Intervention Research. Educational Psychology Review, 28(1), 1-22.
    Harvey, M. (2011). Reading comprehension: Strategies for elementary and secondary school students. Lynchburg College.
    Henry, R., & Simpson, C. M. (2001). A match made in heaven. Teacher Librarian, 28(3), 23. Retrieved from http://go.galegroup.com.ezproxy.fiu.edu/ps/i.do?&id=GALE%7CA786810 01&v=2.1&u=flstuniv&it=r&p=AIM&sw=w.
    Hillman, J. (1995). Discovering children's literature. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
    Hong, W. T. ( 2017). Picture Book Instruction on Word Recognition and Reading Comprehension among EFL Young Learners in Taiwan. Unpublished master’s thesis. National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, Taiwan.
    Hsu, P. H. (2009). An Observation of a Typical English Reading Class in Senior High School. Unpublished master’s thesis. National Changhua University, Changhua, Taiwan.
    Hsueh, H. Y. (2007). Relationships between Picture Book Reading Instruction and English Learning Motivation for Elementary School EFL Students. Unpublished master’s thesis. National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
    Hsueh, Y. N. (2016). The Effects of Reading Strategies Instruction on EFL Learners’ Textual Comprehension: A Case Study of Five Struggling Senior-High-School Students in Taiwan. Unpublished master’s thesis. National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan.
    Hu, Hui-er (2011). An Investigation of Taiwanese Vocational High School Students' Use of Metacognitive Reading Strategies. Unpublished master’s thesis. National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
    Huang, T. H. (2009). Junior High Students’ L1 Reading Strategy Transfers on the Basic Competence Test of English. Unpublished master’s thesis. National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
    Huang, H. C. (2006). EFL Learners’ Online Reading Strategy Use and Text Comprehension: An Exploratory Study. Unpublished master’s thesis. National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
    Huang, M. T. (2011). Post-Use Evaluation of Junior High School English Textbooks in Taiwan. Unpublished master’s thesis. National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
    Huang, Y. M. (2010). Pleasure reading: the effect of reading picture books in class on junior high school students in Taiwan. Unpublished master’s thesis. National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan.
    Huang,Y. N. (2006). A Study of Reading Strategy Instruction with English Picture Books. Unpublished master’s thesis. National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan.
    Iwai, Y. (2011). The effects of metacognitive reading strategies: Pedagogical implications for EFL/ESL teachers. The Reading Matrix, 11(2), 150-159.
    Jacobs, J. E., & Paris, S. G. (1987). Children's metacognition about reading: Issues in definition, measurement, and instruction. Educational Psychologist, 22(3&4), 255-278.
    Jitendra, A. K., Hoppes, M. K., & Xin, Y. P. (2000). Enhancing main idea comprehension for students with learning problems: the role of summarization strategy and self-monitoring instruction. The Journal of Special Education, 34, 127-139.
    Jiuhuan, H., & Newbern, C. (2012). The Effects of Metacognitive Reading Strategy Instruction on Reading Performance of Adult ESL Learners with Limited English and Literacy Skills. Journal of Research & Practice For Adult Literacy, Secondary & Basic Education, 1(2), 66-77.
    Kao, Y. C. (2015). The Learning Experience of EFL Junior High School Students’ Participation in a Shared Book Reading Program Targeting at Reading Strategies and Reading Motivation. Unpublished master’s thesis. National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
    Kendeou, P., Bohn-Gettler, C., White, M. J., & Van Den Broek, P. (2008). Children’s inference generation across different media. Journal of Research in Reading, 31(3), 259-272.
    Ko, M. Y. (2007). Bridging Theory and Practice: Metacognitive Reading Strategy Instruction. International Journal Of Learning, 14(3), 103-114.
    Kozma, R. B. (1991). Learning with media. Review of Educational Research, 61, 179-211.
    Kung, A. L. (2011). The Effects of Classwide Peer Tutoring on Reading Comprehension in an EFL Junior High Classroom. Unpublished master’s thesis. National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
    Kuo, C. Y. (2010). Effects of Semantic Mapping Strategy Training on Taiwanese EFL Junior High School Students’ Reading Comprehension. Unpublished master’s thesis. National Changhua Normal University, Changhua, Taiwan.
    Kuo, Y. J. (2010). Using Picture Cues in EFL Junior High School Reading: Effects on Reading Recall and Text-perceptions. Unpublished master’s thesis. National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
    Lazar, G. (1993). Literature and language teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    Lee, C. M. (2011). Effects of Explicit Reading Strategy Instruction on EFL Students’Reading Anxiety and Comprehension. Unpublished master’s thesis. National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
    Lee, J. H. (2016, August). Grammar Instruction with English Picture Books for Junior High School Students. Paper presented at 105 Course Preparation Workshop for Junior High School Teachers, New Taipei City.
    Lightsey, G., Olliff, C., & Cain, C. (2006). Using crossover picture books with adolescent learners. Florida Literacy and Reading Excellence (FLaRE) Professional Paper.
    Lin, M. Y. (2010). The Effects of Small-Group Shared Reading on English Reading Ability and English Learning Attitude of Elementary Students. Unpublished master’s thesis. National Taipei University of Education, Taipei, Taiwan.
    Lixia, P. (2014). Does Metacognitive Strategy Instruction Indeed Improve Chinese EFL Learners' Reading Comprehension Performance and Metacognitive Awareness?. Journal Of Language Teaching & Research, 5(5), 1147-1152.
    Lo,W. L. (2004). The Effect of Lexical Inferencing in Vocabulary Learning and Reading Comprehension. Unpublished master’s thesis. National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan.
    Lynch-Brown, C., & Tomlinson, C. (2005). Learning about children and their literature. Essentials of Children’s Literature (5th edition). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
    Mackey, A., & Gass, S. M. (2005). Second language research: Methodology and design. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
    Mahdavi, J. N., & Tensfeldt, L. (2013). Untangling reading comprehension strategy instruction: Assisting struggling readers in the primary grades. Preventing school failure: Alternative education for children and youth, 57(2), 77-92.
    Martinez, M. G., & Harmon, J. M. (2015). An Investigation of Teachers’ Growing Understandings of the Picture Book Format. Reading Psychology, 36(4), 299-314.
    Marzano, R. J. (2010). Summarizing to comprehend. Educational Leadership, 67(6), 83-84.
    Mathes, P. G., Fuchs, D., & Fuchs, L. S. (1997). Cooperative story mapping. Remedial and Special Education, 18, 20-27.
    Mathews, S. A. (2014). Reading without words: Using The Arrival to teach visual literacy with English language learners. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas, 87(2), 64-68.
    Mayer, R. E. (1984). Aids to text comprehension. Educational Psychologist, 19, 30-42.
    Mckown, B. A. , & Barnett, C. L. (2007). Improving reading comprehension through higher-order thinking skills. Unpublished master’s thesis, Saint Zavieer University, Chicago, Illinois.
    Mcmillan, J. H., & Schumacher, S. (2001). Research in education: A conceptual introduction (5th ed.). New York: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.
    Meyer, B. J. (1982). Reading research and the composition teacher: The importance of plans. College composition and communication, 37-49.
    Murphy, P. (2009). Using picture books to engage middle school students. Middle School Journal, 40(4), 20-24.
    Newell, A., & Simon, H. A. (1972). Human problem solving (Vol. 104, No. 9). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
    Nodelman, P., & Reimer, M. (2003). The pleasures of children’s literature (3rd ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
    Oakhill, J., Yuill, N., & Donaldson, M. L. (1990). Understanding of causal expressions in skilled and less skilled text comprehenders. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 8(4), 401-410.
    O’ Neill, S. P. (1992). Metacognitive strategies and reading achievement among developmental students in an urban community college. Reading Horizons, 32(4), 316-330.
    Oxford, R. L. (1990). Language learning strategies: What every teacher should know. Boston, MA: Heinle & Heinle Publishers.
    Paivio, A. (2013). Imagery and verbal processes. Psychology Press.
    Palincsar, A. S. (1986). Metacognitive Strategy Instruction. Exceptional Children, 53, 118-124.
    Palinscar, A. S., & Brown, A. L. (1984). Reciprocal teaching of comprehension fostering and comprehension monitoring activities. Cognition and Instruction, 1(2), 117-175.
    Paris, S. G. (1988). Models and metaphors of learning strategies. Learning and study strategies: Issues in assessment, instruction, and evaluation, 299-321.
    Paris, S. G., Cross, D. R., & Lipson, M. Y. (1984). Informed strategies for learning: A program to improve children's reading awareness and comprehension. Journal of Educational Psychology, 76, 1239-1252.
    Paris, S. G., Lipson, M. Y., & Wixson, K. K. (1983). Becoming a strategic reader. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 8, 293-316.
    Patton, M. Q. (2005). Qualitative research. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Pearson, P. D., & Dole, J. A. (1987). Explicit comprehension instruction: A review of research and a new conceptualization of instruction. The Elementary School Journal, 151-165.
    Pearson, P. D., & Gallagher, M. C. (1983). The instruction of reading comprehension. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 8(3), 317-344.
    Pearson, P. D., & Johnson, D. (1978). Teaching reading comprehension. New York: Holt, Rinehart Winston.
    Pressley, M. (1998). Reading instruction that works: The case for balanced teaching. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
    Pressley, M. (2002). Metacognition and self-regulated comprehension. What research has to say about reading instruction, 3, 291-309.
    Pressley, M. (2006). Reading instruction that works: The case for balanced teaching (3rd ed.). New York: The Guilford Press.
    Radmacher, S. A. & Latosi-Sawin, E. (1995). Summary writing: A tool to improve student comprehension and writing in psychology. Teaching of Psychology, 22(2), 113-115.
    Reid, S. (2002). Book bridges for ESL students: Using young adult and children’s literature to teach ESL. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow.
    Reutzel, D. R. (1985). Story maps improve comprehension. The Reading Teacher, 38, 400-404.
    Robinson, D. H., & Kiewra, K. A. (1995). Visual argument: Graphic organizers are superior to outlines in improving learning from text. Journal of Educational Psychology, 87(3), 455-467.
    Rubin, H. J., & Rubin, I. S. (2011). Qualitative interviewing: The art of hearing data. Sage.
    Rumelhart, D. E. (1994). Toward an interactive model of reading. International Reading Association.
    Savage, J. F. (2000). For the love of literature: Children & books in the elementary years. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill.
    Scharer, P. L., Peters, D., & Lehman, B. A. (1995). Lessons from grammar school: How can literature use in elementary classroom inform middle school instruction? Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 39(1), 28-34.
    Senokossoff, G. W. (2013). Using Picture Books with Adolescent Readers to Enhance Literacy Instruction. Reading Horizons, 52(3), 211-232.
    Sheiman, D. L. (1999). A brief history of children’s literature. In H. Nuba, D. L. Sheiman, & M. Searson (Eds.), Children’s literature: Developing good readers (pp.3-12). New York: Garland Publishing.
    Shen, H. J. (2003). The Role of Explicit Instruction in ESL/EFL Reading. Foreign Language Annals. 36(3), 424-433.
    Sheu, H.C. (2008). The Value of English Picture Story Books. ELT Journal, 62(1), 47-55.
    Smallwood, B. A. (1991). The literature connection: A read-aloud guide for multicultural classroom. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley.
    Smith, F. (1988). Understanding reading: A psycholinguistic analysis of reading and learning to read. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
    Stagliano, C., & Boon, R. T. (2009). The effects of a story-mapping procedure to improve the comprehension skills of expository text passages for elementary students with learning disabilities. Learning Disabilities: A Contemporary Journal, 7, 35-58.
    Stetter, M. E., & Hughes, M. T. (2010). Using story grammar to assist students with learning disabilities and reading difficulties to improve their comprehension. Education and Treatment of Children, 33, 115-151.
    Sun, C. H. (2015). The Three Little Wolves Go to College: A Picture Book Lesson for Young Adult EFL Learners. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 59(2), 183-195.
    Sun, C. H. (2017). The value of picture-book reading-based collaborative output activities for vocabulary retention. Language Teaching Research, 21(1), 96-117.
    Taback, S., Goodman, J., Bramfitt, D., & Malo, R. (1999). Joseph had a little overcoat. New York, NY: Viking.
    Tang, I. Y., To, C. S., Weekes, B. S., Nippold, M., & Schwarz, I. (2013). Riddle Appreciation and Reading Comprehension in Cantonese-Speaking Children. Language, Speech & Hearing Services In Schools, 44(4), 348-359.
    Tarchi, C. (2015). Fostering reading comprehension of expository texts through the activation of readers’ prior knowledge and inference-making skills. International Journal Of Educational Research, 72, 80-88.
    Tsai, C. F. (2011).The Effects of Individual Learning and Teacher-Centered Learning Utilizing Electronic Storybook on the Fourth Graders' Reading Ability and Attitude in New Taipei City. Unpublished mater’s thesis. National Taipei University of Education, Taipei, Taiwan.
    Tseng, Y. H. (2009). The effects of metacognitive reading strategy training on English reading comprehension and attitudes of junior high school students. Unpublished master’s thesis. National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan.
    Van Keer, H., & Vanderlinde, R. (2010). The Impact of Cross-age Peer Tutoring on Third and Sixth Graders’ Reading Strategy Awareness, Reading Strategy Use, and Reading Comprehension. Middle Grades Research Journal, 5(1), 33-45.
    Walker, B. J. (2008). Diagnostic teaching of reading: Techniques for instruction and assessment (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall.
    Wang, M. C. (2015). Effects of Pictures on the Incidental Vocabulary Acquisition and Comprehension from Story Book Reading by EFL Junior High Students in Taiwan. Unpublished master’s thesis. National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
    Winne, P. H., & And, O. (1993). A Model of Poor Readers' Text-Based Inferencing: Effects of Explanatory Feedback. Reading Research Quarterly, 28(1), 52-66.
    Wu, H. H. (2006). A study of Picture Book Teaching to English learning motivation. Unpublished master’s thesis. National Taichung University of Education, Taichung,Taiwan.
    Wu, H. H. (2012). Effects of Metacognitive Reading Strategies Training on English Reading Comprehension and Strategy Use of EFL Junior High School Students in Central Taiwan. Unpublished master’s thesis. National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
    Wu, W. J. (2014). Impacts of Implementing Repeated Reading of English Picture Books on Taiwanese EFL Low Achievers’ Reading Fluency and Word Meaning Recognition. Unpublished mater’s thesis. National Taipei University of Education, Taipei, Taiwan.
    Yang, C. H. (2008). The Improved Performance through English Reading Instruction with Transportation-based Picture books in Elementary School. Unpublished mater’s thesis. National Taipei University of Education, Taipei, Taiwan.
    Yang, H. I. (2014).The Effects of Applying Cloud Mind Mapping Concept Application— popplet on Reading Comprehension of English Picture Book. Unpublished mater’s thesis. National Taipei University of Education, Taipei, Taiwan.
    Yeh, C. M. (2010). Effects of Science Picture Books on English Reading Performance and Environmental Awareness for High and Low English Achievers in Junior High School. Unpublished master’s thesis. National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
    Yeh, I. C. (2006). The Effects of Reading Strategies Instruction on Junior High School Students' Reading Comprehension in Taiwan. Unpublished mater’s thesis. National Taipei University of Education, Taipei, Taiwan.
    Yeh, T. C. (2016). The Effects of Extensive Reading on Taiwanese EFL Junior High School Students' Reading Comprehension and Reading Attitude. Unpublished master’s thesis. National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.

    下載圖示
    QR CODE