施用有機堆肥及白雲石配合水保處理對坡地土壤肥力及荔枝葉片營養之影響

EFFECT OF APPLICATION OF COMPOST AND DOLOMITE COMBINED WITH SOIL CONSERVATION PRACTICE SOIL FERTILITY AND LITCHI LEAF NUTRITION OF SLOPE-LAND

莊作權(Tzo-Chuan Juang) ； 陳鴻基(Horng-Ji Cheng)

《中華水土保持學報》 24卷2期 (1993/11) Pp. 1-13

https://doi.org/10.29417/JCSWC.199311_24(2).0001

摘要

近代水土保持的重要目標是使水土保持作業深入果園管理中，講求如何與果樹的需要配合，進一步爲果園爭取效益，以達到水土保持的功效，本試驗利用省產白雲石來調整土壤酸性，同時配合使用鷄糞堆肥，百喜草覆蓋，敷蓋處理，以及滴灌系統的管理，以維持土壤長期生產力與提高施肥效應。試驗結果荔枝的種植、肥料、滴灌、水保等各項試驗虛理結果正面上均有改善土壤pH，提高有機質含量的效果。有效性氣在肥料處理間的差異是主要來自於NH_4^+-N含量的差異，有機堆肥和白雲石的混合施用除改善土壤的酸性之外，更進一層的意義是增進根系的發展及樹勢的成長。土壤的有效性磷含量方面，在肥料處理間，較不能顯現處理間的差異，且淨耕，百喜草的帶狀，全園覆敷蓋等也沒有顯著性的差異，但土壤磷含量比試驗前土壤獲得些改善。雖然土壤鉀含量於兩期間並無顯著差別，但葉片分析上明顯指出T_2，期大於T_1，期。由土壤中鈣鉀離子濃度比的提高得知鈣肥力已獲改善，且能够增進荔枝葉片的鈣含量。土壤鎂含量以百喜草全園覆敷蓋處理最高，顯示百喜草的覆敷蓋處理能保持鎂肥力。兩期荔枝葉片鐵含量均較正常範圍高，由肥料試驗與水保等處理間與葉片錳含量並無明顯關係存在，惟兩期錳含量在有機堆肥和白雲石處理時略高些，兩期荔枝葉片銅含量均在正常含量範圍，然而兩期F_2，處理仍略高於F_1，處理。荔枝葉片鋅含量較正常含量偏高。

關鍵字

水土保持 ； 土壤肥力 ； 植物營養 ； 坡地管理 ； 滴灌 ； 長期地力維持

並列摘要

The main objective of this project is to make the works of soil conservation into orchard management, and strives for cooperating with the requirement of orchard trees and further advantage to achieve the effects of soil conservation. The pH of soil was adjusted with application of dolomite. Furthermore, the maintenance of long-term fertility and raising the effects of fertilization were made by using chicken manure compost, bahia grass mulching and covering, and drip irrigation. The results indicate the differences of available nitrogen between fertilizer treatments were mainly due to the difference of NH_4^+- N in soil. The mixed application of organic compost and dolomite improved pH and the development of roots and growth of orchard trees. Available phosphorus of soil couldn't show the difference between fertilizer, and soil conservation practices, but phosphorus fertility of soil was improved. Although no difference of soil potassium between two periods, but it showed the potassium content of leaves of T_1 more than that of T_1, significantly. Soil calcium showed an increase in term of the ratio of Ca^(2+) and K^+ which increased calcium content of litchi leaves. The content of soil magnesium were the highest in the treatment of mulching and covering of all field. It appeared that bahia grass mulching and covering might promote magnesium fertility. Iron of litchi leaves were over the normal level in the two periods. There were no significant relationships between manganese of leaves and the treatments of fertilizers and soil conservation practices, but it was slightly higher in the treatment of organic compost and dolomite. Copper in litchi leaves of two periods were kept at normal level, and showed a higher F_2 treatment level in than F_1. Zinc of litchi leaves also showed above the normal level.

並列關鍵字

Soil Conservation ； Soil Fertility ； Plant Nutrition ； Slope Land Managment ； Drop Irrigation ； Maintenance of Long-Term Fertility