在溫室中不同的有機質肥料連用對經三十七作蔬菜栽培之土壤化學性質與碳與氮之累積與轉變之影響

Effects of Different Organic Fertilizers on Soil Chemical Properties and the Accumulation and Transformation of Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Under Continuous Application to Vegetable Cultivation for 37 Crops in Greenhouse Condition

魏偉勝(Wei-Sheng Wei) ； 李宗翰(Tzung-Han Lee) ； 鍾仁賜(Ren-Shih Ch u ng)

《臺灣農業化學與食品科學》 53卷1&2期 (2015/04) Pp. 22-33

https://doi.org/10.6578/TJACFS.2015.003

摘要

有機質肥料是重要的肥田物質，不同的農業廢棄物所製得之有機質肥料性質不同。本研究之目的探討在溫室條件下栽培短生長期之蔬菜，長時期適用同一種有機質肥料對土壤一般化學性質與土壤有機質易變動庫與難分解庫碳與氮濃度的影響，做為肥料施用之參考。共有六種處理，即牛糞堆肥、豬糞堆肥、雞糞堆肥、大豆粕、碗豆苗殘體堆肥與輪施處理（牛糞堆肥一碗豆苗殘體堆肥－豬糞堆肥－大豆粕－雞糞堆肥依次輪流施用），每處理四重複，逢機完全區集排列。經七年栽培三十七作之作物後，採取土壤。分析酸鹼度、飽和水導電度、水溶性有機碳濃度、總碳濃度、總氮濃度、Bray-l有效磷、Mehlich3可萃取之有效鉀、鈣與鎂，以及以鹽酸溶液與硫酸溶液將土壤中的碳與氮作劃分。結果顯示不同種類之有機質肥料對土壤性質之影響有顯著不同、大豆粉長期施用使土壤中的酸鹼度下降至甚低，且對土壤氮之分解造成促發反應；雖然大豆相中鹽酸與硫酸溶液難水解之氮與碳分別約佔總氮的四分之一與總碳的二分之一，在旱作條件下之土壤中，卻是易降解，不易在土壤中累積；就此性質而言，非理想之使用在有機農業肥料資材。雞糞堆肥與豌豆苗殘體堆肥長期施用，亦造成土壤酸鹼度下降至甚低，就此性質而言，其非理想之有機農業肥料資材；然而，長期施用牛糞堆肥、豬糞堆肥、雞糞堆肥與豌豆苗殘體堆肥，可以使土壤中含有相當量之易變動氮，也可累積難分解碳，故此四種堆肥是理想的供應氮與累積碳之有機質肥料。輪流施用不同之有機質肥料可避免連用單一種有機質肥料之缺點，是較理想之有機質肥料施用策略。

關鍵字

牛糞堆肥 ； 豬糞堆肥 ； 雞糞堆肥 ； 豌豆苗殘體堆肥 ； 大豆粕 ； 有機農業

並列摘要

Organic fertilizers have been widely used to improve soil fertility. After applying to soils, organic fertilizers which are composted from different organic precursors have varying degrees of effects on the properties of the soils. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of long-term continuous application of different organic fertilizers on the chemical properties and the compositions of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in the soil of vegetable cultivation under greenhouse condition. There were six treatment s, including the applications of (I) cattle dung compost (CDComp), (2) hog dung compost (HDComp), (3) poultry dung compost (PDComp), (4) soybean meal (SSM), (5) pea residue and rice hull compost (PSR Comp) and (6) the above-mentioned organic fertilizers in turn (RotAPP). All treatments were repeated four times and arranged in randomized complete block design. The experiments were proceeded for seven years, during which 37 vegetable crops were planted. The soils were then sampled for analysis. The results showed that different organic fertilizers had different effects on soil chemical properties. Long-term application of SSM resulted in greatly reduced soil pH value and priming effect on soil N degradation. The percent age of hydrochloric -acidsolution unhydrolysable Nand unhydrolysable C of total Nand C of SBM were as high as 25% and 50%, respectively. However, after the application of SBM to the soil, the Nand C in SBM were easily degraded. Accordingly, the SBM is not an adequate organic fertilizer for organic farming. The POComp and PSRComp also resulted in reduced soil pH to very acidic condition; thus, they are also not suitable for long-term application in upland soil. The long-term application of COComp, HOComp, POComp, and PSRComp resulted in the accumulation of recalcitrant Nand C in the soil and thus improved the soil quality. The disadvantages of continuous application of one organic fertilizer could be avoided through rotational application of different organic fertilizers, which would be an ideal strategy for organic fertilizer application.

並列關鍵字

Cattle dung compost ； Hog dung compost ； Poultry dung compost ； Soybean meal ； Pea residue and rice hull compost ； Organic farming