中西教育文化的衝突與改革－以《萬國公報》之科舉教育言論為例

晚清在華傳教士透過基督教報刊《萬國公報》，發表關於教育改革的思想與方法，其原因在於改進中國科舉教育制度，以及引進西方近代教育學說。本文旨在探討：第一，傳教士對於中國科舉制度的意見及建言；第二，傳教士在科舉考試議題上，與官方及中國信徒的態度有何差別；第三，傳教士對於科舉考試的建言，如何影響官方教育制度，以及所帶出的價值與教育省思。筆者研究顯示，晚清傳教士對於科舉的批評，不外乎是考試內容的侷限與考試制度的弊病，因此提出廢八股、增科目及廣出路的科舉改進策略，以求增加對西方文化的認識、促進中國的社會階層變遷、重新思考科舉制度的迷思等影響。因此，傳教士對於對於中國科舉考試制度，探取的是一種漸進式、溫和式的建議，雖然批評的聲音為時超過廿年，但仍冀求清廷官方，可以對於中國教育方式進行一制度內容上的改善，而非完全的摧毀。

關鍵字

萬國公報；傳教士；科舉；教育

並列摘要

The American Methodist missionaries publi shed the education reform view s and methods by Christian newspaper ＂The Globe Magazine and a Review of the Times＂ in late Qing Dynasty China. The reason is to modify the Chinese imperial examination and to introduce from the Western theory of modern education. The study aims are: First, the missionaries of the Chinese imperial examination system, the views and suggestions; Second, how the missionaries' attitudes differ from the official and Chinese followers in the imperial examination issues; Third, the missionaries of the imperial examination suggestions on how the impact of the official education system, as well as to bring out the value of reflection and education. The author found that the missionaries to criticize the late Qing Dynasty imperial examination is nothing more than the limitations of the tests and the defect of the examination system. So they proposed the repeal of eight-legged essay, add more subjects and broad strategy to improve the way of the civil service exam in order to increase the Western culture perception and promote changes in China's social strata , to rethink the myth of the imperial examination system and so on. Therefore, the missionaries for the Chinese imperial examination system, taken as a progressive, moderate-based recommendations, although the voice of criticism over twenty years, but still request that Qing government to carry out and improve the content of the Chinese education system, instead of destroyed It.