臺階式溢洪道滑行流相對流速規律研究

Study on Relative Velocity of Skimming Flow in Stepped Spillways

馬朋輝(Peng-Hui Ma) ； 劉韓生(Han-Sheng Liu) ； 王錦(Jin Wang) ； 胡亞瑾(Ya-Jin Hu)

《農業工程學報》 68卷2期 (2022/06) Pp. 59-72

https://doi.org/10.29974/JTAE.202206_68(2).0005

摘要

臺階式溢洪道便於機械化施工、消能率高、摻氣效果顯著，在水利水電工程中得到了廣泛的應用，但其水流規律複雜。目前均是採用直接的方法開展其水力參數的研究，並借鑒光滑溢洪道水力計算理論研究臺階式溢洪道的水面線計算問題，但所得水力參數規律複雜且尚未得到成熟可靠的水面線計算方法。為了總結相對簡單的規律並提出相對可靠的水面線計算方法，本文通過引入相對流速並通過因次分析開展了系統的研究，研究結果表明，非均勻流段內相對流速及無因次相對流速沿程呈線性相關關係，在無因次相對流速線性關係斜率定量研究的基礎上給出了其計算的經驗公式，並給出了非均勻流段水面線計算的新方法。本文所提出的水面線計算新方法計算精度高、計算簡便、適用範圍廣，可為臺階式溢洪道設計提供理論參考和技術支援。

關鍵字

臺階式溢洪道 ； 相對流速 ； 線性關係 ； 水面線計算

並列摘要

Stepped spillway is convenient for mechanized construction, has high energy dissipation rate and remarkable aeration effect, and has been widely used in water conservancy and hydropower projects, but its flow law is complex. At present, the direct method is used to study the hydraulic parameters of stepped spillway, and the hydraulic calculation theory of smooth spillway is used to study the water surface profile calculation of stepped spillway. However, the obtained hydraulic parameters are complex and the mature and reliable water surface profile calculation method has not been obtained. In order to summarize the relatively simple rules and put forward a relatively reliable calculation method of water surface profile, this paper has carried out systematic research by introducing relative velocity and dimensional analysis. The research results show that the relative velocity and dimensionless relative velocity are linearly correlated along the way in the non-uniform flow region. Based on the quantitative study of the slope of the linear relationship of dimensionless relative velocity, the empirical formula for its calculation is given, and a new method for calculating the water surface profile in the non-uniform flow region is given. The new calculation method of water surface profile proposed in this paper has high calculation accuracy, simple calculation and wide application range, which can provide theoretical reference and technical support for the design of stepped spillway.

並列關鍵字

Stepped spillway ； Relative velocity ； Linear relation ； Water surface profile calculation

參考文獻

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Chanson H., “Hydraulics of skimming flows over stepped channels and spillways,” Journal of Hydraulic Research, 32(3), 445-460, 1994.

Chanson H., “Hydraulic design of stepped spillways and downstream energy dissipators,” Dam Engineering, 11(4), 205-242, 2001.