氮肥用量、栽培季節、行距及成熟度對暗玉米蛋白質含量的影響

Effects of Nitrogen, Planting Season, Spacing and Maturity on the Protein Content of Opaque-2 Corn (1)

張翊袖(Y.S. Chang) ； 萬雄(Hsiung Wan) ； 呂宗佳(T.C. Lee) ； 鄭心嫻(C.H. Cheng)

《中華農業研究》 25卷3期 (1976/09) Pp. 173-182

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.197609.0001

摘要

本試驗以兩個暗玉米單交種，分別在臺北及臺中兩地研究不同栽培季節（春作及秋作)，氮素用量(60,100,140kg/ha)，行距（60及80公分）及成熟度對子粒蛋白質含量的影響，以供高蛋白育種選拔時之參考。結果顯示單交種(TA 604-1B×TA 614-P)較單交種(TA 602-3 C×TA 611-1B)之蛋白質含量爲高。春作平均蛋白質含量13.88%，高於秋作12.29%。氮素用量提高則蛋白質含量亦隨之增加，三種氮素用量的蛋白質含量各爲12.51%, 13.17%，及13.57%，差異顯著。行距不同對蛋白質含量影響很少，可能由於寬行距80公分已很密植，而不再顯示影響。
蛋白質分析時樣品之採取，由於同一果穗不同部位的子粒，以及同一植株不同果穗之蛋白質含量，均無顯著的差異，故分析蛋白質含量時不需考慮植株上果穗的位置及果穗上子粒的部位。玉米成熟度對蛋白質含量有很大的影響，未熟玉米含有較高的蛋白質，愈趨成熟含量愈低，春作在四週後，冬季裡作七週後蛋白質含量才趨穩定，故欲比較不同品種或分離族羣植株間之蛋白質含量，必需收穫充分成熟之果穗。

並列摘要

The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of various environmental factors on the protein content of opaque-2 corn in order to facilitate the selection of high protein lines in a breeding program.
Two single crosses of opaque-2 corn, (TA 602-3C×TA611-1B) and (TA 604-1B×TA 614-P), three nitrogen levels, 60, 100 and 140 kg/ha, and two row spacings, 60 and 80 cm. were combined into 12 treatments in each experiment. The experiment was conducted at two locations, Taipei and Taichung, for two seasons, fall crop, 1973 and spring crop, 1974. Randomized complete block design with 3 replications was used in each experiment. The three-row experimental plot as 4.5 meters long and plants were 30 cm apart in the row. Corn ears only from the center row were sampled for protein analysis. The protein analysis was performed by Udy rapid protein analyzer based on dye-binding principle. The results from individual experiment and combined were both analyzed.
Adequate sampling technique for chemical analysis is extremely important in order to reduce possible bias so that the sampling for protein analysis was also studied. Corn kernels from upper, middle and lower parts of each ear were separately analyzed for protein content. Upper and lower ear from the same plant, if there were two ears, were compared. All ears for sampling study were from plots of 100 kg/ha nitrogen and 60 cm row spacing. The effects of maturity on protein content of corn was studied by using the single cross, (TA 602-1×TA614 P). Different degrees of maturity of corn ear were obtained by harvesting ears at 7 day intervals beginning at 4 weeks after artificial pollination.
The results of combined analysis showed that season and treatment effects were highly significant, but not for all interactions indicating that treatment effects were the same in different seasons and at different locations. Since the treatment consisted of several factors, an analysis of variance for treatment was performed to separate the effect of individual factor. The difference of protein content was significant among varieties and nitrogen levels, but not significant in row-spacing and all interactions. The average protein content of the single cross, (TA 604-1B×TA 614-P) was 13.5% which was significantly higher than the 12.67% of the single cross, (TA 602-3C×TA 611-1B).
The average percent proteins of corn kernels were 12.51%, 13.17% and 13.57% for 60,100 and 140 kg/ha nitrogen respectively. The differences were highly significant indicating that the higher the rate of nitrogen applied, the more the protein corn kernel contained.
Planting season affected the percent protein of corn kernel profoundly. The spring crop (13.88%) had higher protein than fall crop (12.29%).
The protein content of corn kernels for 60 and 80 cm rows was not significantly different. This did not mean that the spacing gave no effect on protein content of corn but because the population density of 80 cm row with plants 30 cm apart in the row (16,600 plants/acre) was too high to give further effect on protein.
The differences of protein content in corn kernels from different parts of the ear, and from upper and lower ears of the plant were not significant so that sampling corn kernels for protein analysis could be taken from any part of the ear or any ear from the plant.
The degrees of maturity of corn significantly affected the percent protein which graduately decreased as the maturity increased. A period of 4 weeks for spring crop and 7 weeks for winter crop was required for protein content to remain stable. Thus, it is imperative that corn ears should be harvested at proper maturity stage, especially when different maturity varieties or segregating materials were compared for protein content.