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二氧化硫對作物細胞構造之影響

Effects of Sulfur Dioxide on Organelles of Crops

摘要


二氧化硫爲本省三種空氣污染物(二氧化硫、氯氣及氟化物)之一。其對作物爲害徵狀,一般多爲葉脈間脫色壞疽之塊斑或條斑,受害部位初期多呈灰綠色水漬狀,至後期則氧化漂白成象牙色或呈褐色、紅褐色、紅色和黃綠色,且葉片有的出現捲縮現象“本研究之目的,在探討作物受空氣污染爲害,所產生外表徵狀,對於內部細胞構造之影響。 不同種類的作物,包括甕菜、白菜、蔥、甘藷、胡瓜、綠豆、香蕉、甘蔗及煙草等,在相同環境條件下:溫度(晝12小時25℃,夜12小時20℃),相對溼度(約70%左右),光照度(7000 Lux),經一系列不同二氧化硫氣體濃度與薰蒸時間處理後,觀察作物受害微狀,並做病理解剖檢視,結果發現葉片呈灰綠色水漬狀病斑或形成脫色壞疽,其主要係因葉綠體受二氧化硫侵襲而破壞,此不但使光合作用受到抑制,間接地也破壞或影響其他色素形成;同時細胞內亦發生一些現象如:葉綠體內的葉綠餅(grana stack)腫脹,葉綠餅與葉綠層(stroma lamella)瓦解,基質顆粒化,細胞質破壞,澱粉粒及嗜鋨詣肪小球堆積,細胞膜與細胞壁剝離等。海綿組織與柵狀組織則更因二氧化硫爲害,先後遭破壞崩解,失去原有結構;受害嚴重時,不但難分辨兩組織且上下表皮幾乎癱連一起,而使外觀呈漂白半透明的壞疽病斑。

關鍵字

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並列摘要


Sulfur dioxide is one of the main pollutants in Taiwan. The symptoms of injury always show interveinal necrosis with water-soaked green, ivory-to-white, brown, reddish-brown and black. This study was aimed to indentify the effects of those symptoms on cell structure and organelles. Experiments were conducted with crops under the same environmental factors (temperature, relative humidity and intensity) and different gas concentration, and exposure time. The crops included: water convolvulus, welsh onion, sweet potato, cucumber, mung bean, banana, sugar cane and tobacco. Examing the cross-section and ultrastructre of leaf cells in injury portion usually revealed: spongy parenchyma and palisade parenchyma collapsed, structure lost, chloroplasts deformed, grana stacks swollen, grana and lamellae disorganized, stroma granulated, strach granules and osmiophilic lipid globules accumulated, cytoplasma disintergrated, plasmalema deformed.

並列關鍵字

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被引用紀錄


林秋惠(2007)。台灣欒樹雄花及兩性花花部發育與小孢子形成之研究〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2007.00708

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