Fusarium Root Rot and Wilt of Garden Peas in Taiwan

臺灣豌豆根腐及萎凋病

林益昇(Y. S. Lin) ； 沈懷德(W. Sun) ； 汪碧涵(Pie-Han Wong)

《中華農業研究》 33卷4期 (1984/12) Pp. 395-405

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.198412.0007

摘要

臺灣豌豆嚴重感染一種病害，引起罹病植株根腐，維管束組織褐化以及萎凋等病徵。本病害被鑑定爲萎凋病（病原菌爲Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi）或根腐病（病原菌爲F. solani f. sp. pisi）或者萎凋病與楞腐病在田間複合感染所致。由田間標本分離所得之萎凋病菌，在溫室接種試驗中引起豌豆擬萎凋病徵，並且在馬鈴薯瓊脂培養基上表現與擬萎凋病菌(F. oxysporum f. sp. isi race 2)相似之培養陸狀。然而接種試驗顯示，被報告對萎凋病菌之race 1, 2及6具抵抗性的'New Season'品種却對供試菌株呈感病性。又被報告對萎凋病菌race 5具感病性之'Mini'及'New Era'品種却對供試菌株呈抵抗性反應。因之，我們的菌株似乎是萎凋病菌新出現的生理小種。從高溫（28℃以上）下生長之病害標本，常可在病變的莖部維管束組織分離到具有長形大胞子的根腐病菌。接種試驗顯示這一羣的根腐病菌可在若干對根腐病及擬萎凋病呈抵抗性之品種（系）引起根腐及莖部維管束褐化等病徵。顯然這一羣特殊的根腐病菌病原性極強，並且有能力侵害皮層及維管束組織。

並列摘要

In Taiwan, garden pea (Pisum sativum) is severely infected by a disease with symptoms of root rot, breakdown of vascular tissues, and wilt of the infected plants. This disease has been identified as either a wilt 〔caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi (FOP)〕, or a root rot 〔caused by F. solani f. sp. pisi (FSP)〕, or a disease complex in which wilt and root rot act together in the field. The major isolates of FOP isolated from field specimens in Taiwan caused 'near wilt' symptoms on inoculated pea plant in a greenhouse, and had a similar cultural characteristics to FOP race 2 when grown on FDA medium. However, the cultivar New Season which is reported by other workers to be resistant to race 1, 2, and 6 of FOP, was susceptible. Conversely, the cultivars Mini and New Era, which were reported susceptible to race 5, ware resistant to this isolate. Therefore, our isolate may be a new race of FOP. Isolates of FSP with long macrospores could ha obtained frequently from the vascular tissues of the upper stem of diseased plants under fairly high temperature conditions of 23℃ or more. This particular group of FSP isolates caused severely rout rot and vascular discoloration of the upper stem in several accessions/cultivars of peas known to be resistant to FSP or FOP race 2. The results thus indicated that this group of isolates were highly virulent ones of FSP with the ability to invade cortical and vascular tissues.