清代康雍乾三朝對準噶爾戰爭之政治目標

The Political Goals of the War between Tsungar and Qing Dynasty during the Periods of Kangxi, Youngzheng and Chienlung

狄景國(Ching-Kuo Ti)

《復興崗學報》 89期 (2007/06) Pp. 389-410

https://doi.org/10.29857/FHKAJ.200706.0017

摘要

克勞塞維茲在戰爭論指出：「戰爭不過是政治延續的另一種方式。」戰爭無論在任何情況之下都非獨立的事情，而應視為政治的工具，只有透過政治的觀點去評斷戰史才不致產生矛盾。此外，一個國家因受內外在環境的影響，其政治目標可分為對內與對外兩種：清代對準噶爾戰爭對內政治目標在防止準噶爾部勢力擴大，鞏固清朝政府中原的統治權，進而建立大一統江山：對外則是藉鞏固西北邊防，遏阻沙俄侵略中國的圖謀。
本文旨在透過克氏的觀點，剖析清代與準噶爾之政治關係，並瞭解清代治蒙政策。最後本文檢驗清準戰爭政治目標的成效。

關鍵字

戰爭 ； 政治目標 ； 準噶爾

並列摘要

Clausewitz points out that ”war is the continuation of polices in other means” War is always not an independent thing under any condition, and should be regarded as the tool of politics. Only by judging the history of a war through the standpoint of politics can an antinomy be avoided. Qing dynasty's political goals of the war of Tsungar is to prevent Tsungar from extending to make stronger the sovereignty of Qing Dynasty and build up grand unification, and by making a stronger northwest border defense to deter Russia from invading China.
This paper aims to distinguish the political relationship between Tsungar and the Qing dynasty through Clausewitz's standpoint, and comprehend the policy of the Qing dynasty toward Mongols. This study also reviews the effect of Qing-Tsungar war on politics.

並列關鍵字

Clausewitz ； On War ； Political Goals ； Tsungar