The Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Actions of Tree Nuts

木本堅果的植化素成份及抗氧化作用

Bradley W Bolling ； Diane L McKay ； Jeffrey B Blumberg

《Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition》 19卷1期 (2010/03) Pp. 117-123

https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.2010.19.1.16

摘要

大部分的木本堅果，除了是許多必需維生素、礦物質、單元不飽和脂肪酸、多元不飽和脂肪酸及纖維的豐富來源之外，它們也提供有益於健康的一系列的植化素。雖然尚有許多組成未完全被辨識及確認，堅果所含的大類成份有：類胡蘿蔔素、可水解單寧、木酚素、萘醌、酚酸、植物固醇、多酚以及生育酚。這些植化素已被證明具有多項生物活性：抗氧化、抑制增生、抗發炎、抗病毒以及降低血膽固醇的特性。本篇回顧概述目前對木本堅果的類胡蘿蔔素、酚酸和生育酚的知識，以及它們在體外與人體中抗氧化作用的相關研究。木本堅果是生育酚和所有酚類的豐富來源，並含有多樣的類黃酮及前花青素。相反地，大部份的木本堅果並非類胡蘿蔔素及二苯乙烯類的良好飲食來源。酚酸存在於木本堅果中，但是目前缺乏對這類化合物的含量及資料的系統化測量及調查。由有限的人體研究資料顯示，這些堅果的植化素是人體可攝取的且具生物可利用性，在體內亦具有抗氧化作用。

關鍵字

木本堅果 ； 植化素 ； 類黃酮 ； 白藜蘆醇 ； 抗氧化物

並列摘要

In addition to being a rich source of several essential vitamins and minerals, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and fiber, most tree nuts provide an array of phytochemicals that may contribute to the health benefits attributed to this whole food. Although many of these constituents remain to be fully identified and characterized, broad classes include the carotenoids, hydrolyzable tannins, lignans, naphthoquinones, phenolic acids, phytosterols, polyphenols, and tocopherols. These phytochemicals have been shown to possess a range of bioactivity, including antioxidant, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and hypocholesterolemic properties. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the carotenoid, phenolic, and tocopherol content of tree nuts and associated studies of their antioxidant actions in vitro and in human studies. Tree nuts are a rich source of tocopherols and total phenols and contain a wide variety of flavonoids and proanthocyanidins. In contrast, most tree nuts are not good dietary sources of carotenoids and stilbenes. Phenolic acids are present in tree nuts but a systematic survey of the content and profile of these compounds is lacking. A limited number of human studies indicate these nut phytochemicals are bioaccessible and bioavailable and have antioxidant actions in vivo.

並列關鍵字

tree nuts ； phytochemicals ； flavonoids ； resveratrol ； antioxidants