Public Health & Nutrition in the Asia-Pacific: Reflections on a Quarter Century

亚太地区的公共卫生与营养：四分之一个世纪的回顧

Luca Tommaso Cavalli-Sforza

《Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition》 24卷1期 (2015/03) Pp. 1-9

https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.2015.24.1.23

摘要

本文提供了一个机会分享我在亚太地区工作，主要在世界卫生组织过去25年工作中营养学的变化。1988-89通过意大利合作我帮助在中国四川成都启动儿童营养中心。25年前在中国城乡的营养问题，与该地区许多国家发现的问题相似。与中国一样，在过去的二十年这些国家经历了经济的快速发展和健康模式的变化。儿童营养的主要问题必须要做的事是婴幼儿喂养方法，该地区很多妇女转向不母乳喂养婴儿：贫血、蛋白质能量营养不良和佝偻病频发。中国和其他国家是如何应对这些和其他营养问题？在20世纪90年代全球营养界开始研究分析和解决营养问题的框架。1992年，在第一届FAO/WHO国际营养大会上，159个国家展示了国家营养相关文件，并同意制定国家营养计划。在2014年，22年之后，FAO和WHO再次邀请各国复审本国的营养状况和计划。今天的流行病的情况大相径庭。许多亚太国家在经济发展取得了显著成就进展，包括营养不良减少。要实现所制定的千年发展目标，现在有必要缓解剩余营养不足的问题，减少社会阶层之间的不平等，而且还可以防止和控制超重／肥胖和慢性非传染性疾病的日益严重的威胁。评估、监测和评估计划以促进实现营养千年发展目标进度，现在要求不仅注重生物学的结果，同时也应关注粮食安全、项目的过程和政策环境。

關鍵字

回顧 ； 营养 ； 亚太地区 ； 25年

並列摘要

Some reflections from work in the Asia Pacific Region, mostly with WHO, in the past 25 years, and the changes in nutrition seen in this time are shared. In 1988-89 I helped to start a Centre for Child Nutrition in Chengdu, Sichuan, through the Italian Development Cooperation. The nutritional problems in urban and rural China, 25 years ago, were similar to those elsewhere in the Region. Like China, these countries underwent rapid economic development and changes in health patterns, within two decades. The main problems for child nutrition had to do with infant feeding practices and less breastfeeding: anaemia, protein energy malnutrition and rickets were frequent. How did China and other countries tackle these and other nutrition problems? In the 1990s the global nutrition community started working on a problem-solving framework. In 1992, at the 1st FAO/WHO International Conference on Nutrition, 159 countries agreed to develop national nutrition plans. In 2014, 22 years later, FAO and WHO invited countries to review their national nutrition situation and plans. The epidemiological picture today is profoundly different. Many Asia-Pacific countries have achieved remarkable progress in socio-economic development, including malnutrition reduction. To reach the MDGs and the post-MDG goals being formulated, the remaining under-nutrition problems need to be alleviated, inequalities between sectors of society reduced, and also the growing threat of overweight/obesity and NCDs prevented and controlled. Assessing, monitoring and evaluating programmes to improve progress, now requires focusing not only on biological outcomes, but also on food security, programme process, and the policy environment.

並列關鍵字

review ； nutrition ； Asia-Pacific ； 25 years