Age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass and function among elderly men and women in Shanghai, China: a cross sectional study

中国上海老年人骨骼肌肌量与功能随年龄下降的横断面研究

Hui-Jing Bai ； Jian-Qin Sun ； Min Chen ； Dan-Feng Xu ； Hua Xie ； Zhuo-Wei Yu ； Zhi-Jun Bao ； Jie Chen ； Yi-Ru Pan ； Da-Jiang Lu ； Sulin Cheng

《Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition》 25卷2期 (2016/06) Pp. 326-332

https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.2016.25.2.14

摘要

目的：探讨与年龄相关的骨骼肌肌量与功能之间的关系。方法：本研究包括415名年龄在60～99岁之间的受试者。采用人体成分仪测量上肢和下肢骨骼肌肌量、去脂组织。四肢骨骼肌肌量指数=四肢骨骼肌肌量/身高平方。采用握力与步速评价骨骼肌功能。结果：老年男性、女性骨骼肌肌量低于切点值的比例分别是（23.6% vs 33.5%，p=0.025）。老年男性随年龄的增加握力（β=- 0.809）下降快于上肢骨骼肌肌量（β=-0.592），但在老年女性中不存在同样的情况（β=- 0.389和β=- 0.486）。在老年男性（β=- 0.683 vs β=- 0.442）与女性（β=-1.00 vs β=- 0.461）中，步速下降快于下肢骨骼肌肌量。老年男性与女性上肢骨骼肌肌量与握力的决定系数是28～29%，下肢骨骼肌肌量与步速的决定系数是（7～8%）。除体重指数与年龄外，吸烟、运动和受教育情况与四肢骨骼肌肌量、去脂组织相关。吸烟、饮酒与握力呈负相关（p＜0.05）。结论：老年男性上肢骨骼肌功能下降快于骨骼肌肌量。然而，老年女性骨骼肌肌量低于切点值的百分比大于男性。运动方案的制定需要考虑性别的因素。

關鍵字

肌肉衰减综合征 ； 骨骼肌肌量 ； 骨骼肌力量 ； 骨骼肌功能 ； 老年人

並列摘要

Objective: To investigate the relationship of muscle mass and muscle function with age. Methods and Study Design: The study including 415 participants (aged 60-99 years). Upper (UMM) and lower (LMM) limbs muscle mass and whole body fat free mass (FFM) were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. The appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) index (ASM/height^2) was calculated. Muscle function was assessed by measuring hand grip strength (HGS) and gait speed. Results: Using ASM index cutoff values we found that higher prevalence of sarcopenia in women than in men (33.5% vs 23.6%, p=0.025). In the upper limb, HGS (β=-0.809) declined more rapidly with age than did UMM (β=-0.592) in men, but not in women (β=-0.389 and β=-0.486 respectively). In the lower limb, gait speed declined more rapidly than LMM in both men (β=-0.683 vs β=-0.442) and women (β=-1.00 vs β=-0.461). The variance of UMM explained 28-29% of the variance of HGS, and LMM explained 7-8% of the variance of gait speed in women and men respectively. In addition to the common predictors (BMI and age), the specific predictors were smoking, exercise and education for FFM and ASM, and smoking, drinking and exercise for HGS (p＜0.05). Conclusions: Loss of muscle function is greater than the decline of muscle mass particularly in the upper limbs in men. However, women are more prone to have low muscle mass than the men. Exercise programs need to be designed gender specifically.

並列關鍵字

sarcopenia ； muscle mass ； strength ； physical performance ； elderly