高低測驗焦慮組學生在實驗室測驗情境中的心跳速率之比較研究

A Comparative Study of Heart Rate Responses under Laboratory Testing Situation for Students Differ in Test Anxiety

林清山(Chen-Shan Lin)

《教育心理學報》 10期 (1978/06) Pp. 47-60

https://doi.org/10.6251/BEP.19780601.5

摘要

利用自編「測驗焦慮問卷」從124名大學生中選取27名高測驗焦慮組和27名低測驗焦慮組受試者，使在實驗室中接受由幻燈機呈現試題的模擬「智力測驗」，以比較這兩組在測驗焦慮傾向方面有顯著差異的受試者，在具有心理壓力的測驗情境中之EKG表現的異同。每次兩名（每組一名）受試者成一共軛組，重複接受六個測驗階段的不同實驗處理。結果發現：(1)整個測驗過程中，高測驗焦慮組與低測驗焦慮組的EKG表現並無差異可言。(2)測驗焦慮問卷上的得分與HR改變值之間並無相關存在。(3)全體受試者各測驗階段間的平均HR改變值之差異達顯著水準。第(1)(2)項結果支持「人格量數與自主神經系統激發狀態無相關」的說法。第(3)項結果顯示以EKG為指標的測验焦慮可經由指導語和測驗情境而誘發，其HR改變值平均可達15bpm之多。故測驗情境的確是一種具有使自我涉入的威脅性刺激；即使問卷結果顯示測驗焦慮甚低的受試者之心跳速率也不由自主的顯著加速。

並列摘要

The present study is an attempt to investigate the effects of testing situation on heartrate responses for students who differ in test anxiety as measured by Test Anxiety Qestionnaire. Twenty-seven high (HA) and 27 low (LA) test anxiety subjects wereselected from 124 male and female university students, to take a simulative ”intelligencetest” administered in laboratory. The EKG of each yoked pair (one HA subject and one LA subject) was recorded in six testing sessions which were consisted of varying stress instructions and test items. The results of beat-by-beat analysis of EKG data showed: (1) that there is no significant difference in heart rate responses between HA and LA groups, (2) that the correlation coefficient between test anxiety scores and bpm changes in heart rate is not significantly different from zero, (3) and that significant cardiac acceleration occured for almost all subjects when testing was announced, during the period of test administration, and when ”IQ score” was to be reported.These findings support the arguments that the personality measures are not related to physiological indices of autonomic nervous system arousal, and that the heart rate acceleration may voluntarily occur to the ”low anxiety” subjects even though the test anxiety is not subjectively perceived or experienced.