噪音對問題解決及雙邊傾聽效率的影響

The Effects of Noise on the Behaviors of Problem Solving and Dichotic Listening

林清山(Chen-Shan Lin) ； 陳李綢(Li-Chou Chen)

《教育心理學報》 14期 (1981/06) Pp. 103-114

https://doi.org/10.6251/BEP.19810601.7

摘要

本文的目的在考驗70至80分貝的噪音對不同G S R類型的受試者之問題解決及雙邊傾聽效率的影響。六十五名大一及大二學生參加此項實驗。實驗者按測量G S R波形的結果，將他們分為「高－高振幅組」、「高－低振幅組」、和「低－低振幅組」三組，然後再將各組分派為「噪音組」和「非噪音組」，接受不同噪音條件的實驗處理。實驗分為「兩個故事」、「雙邊傾聽」、和「問題解決」三部分。受試者必須集中注意聽兩個人同時說故事的內容，必須注意傾聽同時發自左邊和右邊的不同字音刺激，和必須設法解決諸如字謎、文數解碼等需要思考的問題。利用多變項及單變項變異數分析法分析本研究所得資料後發現：(1)噪音組在「兩個故事」、「雙邊傾聽」、以及「問題解決」等主項依變項成績方面均遠低於非噪音組的成績，顯示噪音對需要集中注意方能完成的工作有甚為不利的影響。(2)高－高振幅組、高－低振幅組、和低－低振幅組三個不同G S R組別之間在上述三項依變數方面，並無顯著差異存在，顯示吾人無法根據G S R類型來預測本研究的三項依變項成績。但是(3)利用多系列相關求G S R類型與卡氏十六種人格因素之相關後，發現G S R類型與其中五個人格因素暈尺有顯著相關存在。上述第(1)點彊調生態環境中噪音的出現對工作有不利的影響，並為提倡「學習的外在條件」之學習心理學家提供客觀的證據。第(3)點則尚待吾人進一步加以探討，不宜遽下定論。

並列摘要

Sixty-five college students served as the subjects to examine the effects of loud noise (70 to 80 dB) on the behaviors of problem solving and dichotic listening. They were first classified into High-High Amptitude Group (H-H), High-Low Amptitude Group (H-L), and Low-Low Amptitude Group (L-L), according to the change patterns of their GSR waves. Members of each group were then randomly assigned to Noise Groups and Control Groups to accept different treatments. The subjects were instructed to listen carefully to the contents of two stories told simultaneously by a man and a woman (Two Story task), to listen carefully to the word-pairs presented simultaneously to left ear and to right ear (Dichotic Listening task), and to solve problems consisted of anagrams, cryptarithmetic materials, etc. (Problem Solving task). Bursts of noise of 70 to 80 dB (A) were presented to the Noise Group during the experiment. Data thus obtained were analyzed by MANOVA and ANOVA. The findings were as follows: (1) There were significant differences between Noise Groups and Control Groups on the scores of all three kinds of task. The loud noise apparently had harmful effect on the behaviors of problem solving and dichotic listening. (2) There was no significant difference among H-H Group, H-L Group, and L-L Group. Thus it seemed impossible to predict from GSR patterns the behaviors of problem solving and dichotic listening. (3) Among the sixteen personality factors in Cattell's 16 PF, five factors were found to have significant correlation with the classification of GSR patterns when triserial correlation method was applied.