一歲至兩歲嬰兒身心特質之發展（一）動作能力之發展

The Motor Development of Chinese Infants from One to Two Years Old

蘇建文(Chien-Wen Su) ； 盧欽銘(Ching-Ming Lu) ； 陳淑美(Shoo-May Chen)

《教育心理學報》 20期 (1987/05) Pp. 1-16

https://doi.org/10.6251/BEP.19870601.1

摘要

木研究目的在於探討一歲至兩歲嬰見動作能力發展的趨勢，與家庭背景對於動作能力發展的影響，研究對象為420名健康足月嬰兒，分為12、15、18、21及24月組，每組受試84名，男女各半，測量工具為貝萊嬰兒動作發展量表，採個別測量方式進行，研究結果方面，本研究製定了各年齡組受試通過貝萊動作發展量表各項目之百分比，一般而言，受試嬰兒於12個月之前已經能夠坐下與站立，12至15個月之間能夠單獨行走，橫走與倒走數步，15至18個月之間能夠由人扶著上下樓梯，一腳踩在行走板上，18至21個月之間，能夠脚踩粉筆線走路，獨自上下樓梯，21～24個月之間，能夠雙脚在行走板上走路，至於跳高、跳遠等能力較為困難，夢購兩歲受試嬰兒能力所及。本研究結果亦顯示受試的年齡與身高是預測動作發展的重要因素，智力與動作發展之間呈顯著之正相關關係，而社經水準、家庭型態、出生序等因素與受試嬰見動作發展無關，中美嬰兒動作發展趨勢亦很相似。

並列摘要

The present study aims at finding out the developmental trend of motor abilities of Chinese infants from one to two years old. The subjects were 450 healthy infants who were selected from public hospitals and various district health centers. They were further divided into 12, 15, 18, 21 and 24 months groups. The basic factors of selecting sample were sex and family social-economic status. Bayley's Infant Scale of Motor Development was used as the instrument of measurement, Each subject was tested individually in the observation room located in National Taiwan Normal University. The following results have been found.
1. As regarding to the developmental trends of motor abilities of Chinese infants from one to two years old. We have computed the means and standard deviations of motor scores of infants from each age group and percentages of subjects in each age group who has passed each item of Bayley's scale of motor dovelopmont.
Generally speaking, almost all the subjects of 12 months could sit down and stand up. Between age of 12 to 15 months, the subjects could walk alone, walk on side and walk backward. Between the age of 15 to 18 months, the subjects could go upstairs and downstairs with the help of adult. Between the age of 18 to 21 months, the subjects could walk upstairs without help. Being able to walk on a line of 10 feet long is a motor skill which was too difficult for infants of two years old.
2. The results were also indicated that the age of the subject and their body length were two most important factors to predict motor development of infants.
3. Both mental and motor development in the early years were significant related. Socio-economic status, sex and birth-order of the subjects were not related to their motor development.
4. Comparable growth patterns were found between the motor development of Chinese and American infants.