Professeur of the University College of the Fraster Valley Should a murderer be held responsible for the crime committed? The answer to this question depends on one's perspective of human free will. But free will has become obscured in both philosophy and psychotherapy by a confusion regarding the difference between material cause-and-effect in the neurological functioning of the biological brain, and the mental process of human thought and decision-making involving non-material reasons. In psychotherapy a continual equivocation between biological illness and so-called mental illness makes the problem of personal responsibility even more difficult to resolve. Philosophical counselling helps both professionals and lay individuals to be better able to differentiate between brain and mind, between material causality and reasoning, between illness and confusion, and between material and moral responsibility.