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《莊子》的判斷模式

The Two Modes of Judgment in Zhuangzi

摘要


本文試圖將隱含於《莊子》的「判斷模式」明朗化,並由此顯現出兩種主體性。「固化主體」以「成心」為用,「成心三元素」中的「我」啟動固化機制,開展出「成心→同一化標準→分判價值→自己」的判斷模式,呈現出「已成」與「固定」的存在狀態;「虛化主體」則是以「鏡心」為用,「鏡心三元素」中的「他者」讓主體能如實接收物本身,開展出「鏡心→差異化標準→分判價值→自然」的判斷模式,呈現出「虛空」與「流動」的存在狀態。兩種主體分別是莊子的批判與理想。

關鍵字

莊子 成心 鏡心 判斷 主體性

並列摘要


This paper brings to light the two types of subjectivity implied in Zhuangzi's modes of judgment. A person who has a "Fixed Subject" or fixed sense of self uses chengxin, or a thought pattern developed over time to think. This thought pattern develops over three stages; the subjective self comes to be fixed from this process. Through this analysis, the mode of judgment can be schematized as "chengxin → standardization → value of judgment → self." From this process the subject has an "established" and "fixed" existence. A person who is an "Empty Subject" uses jingxin or sees things as they actually are. This mode of judgment also undergoes a three-stage formation/development, in which "the other" allows the subject to apprehend reality as it is in itself. The steps in such a judgement are: "jingxin → standard of differentiation → value of judgment → ziran (something in itself)." Under this mode, the self is "empty" or selfless and eternally "flowing". These two modes present the subjectivity that Zhuangzi rejects and prefers respectively.

並列關鍵字

Zhuangzi chengxin jingxin judgment subjectivity

參考文獻


吳豐維(2007)。〈何謂主體性?一個實踐哲學的考察〉,《思想》,4:63-78。DOI: 10.29848/SX.200703.0003
馮鳳儀(2018)。〈讀《莊》以自我轉化─以「活動幅度」為根據的「擬道之勢」〉,《國立臺灣大學哲學論評》,55:69-100。DOI: 10.6276/NTUPR.201803_(55).0003
黃勇(2011)。〈尊重不同的生活方式:《莊子》中的道家美德倫理〉,《華東師範大學學報(哲學社會科學版)》,43,5:22-32、152。DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2011.05.010
楊儒賓(2016)。《儒門內的莊子》。台北:聯經。DOI: 10.1007/s11712-018-9622-x
賴俊雄(2014)。《回應他者─列維納斯再探》。台北:書林。DOI: 10.978.957445/5874

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