DISCRETE-EVENT SYSTEM SIMULATION OF BATTERY SWAPPING BEHAVIORS FOR ELECTRIC SCOOTER DRIVERS

電動機車使用者電池交換行為之離散事件系統模擬

陳韻如(Yun-Ju Chen) ； 朱致遠(James C. Chu) ； Kanticha Korsesthakarn

《運輸計劃季刊》 48卷1期 (2019/03) Pp. 63-86

摘要

Scooters are one of the major transportation modes in Taiwan. Apart from raising environmental consciousness, the government has been devoted to popularizing electric scooters. Compared with gasoline-fueled scooters, electric scooters have a lower driving range and require more frequent refueling. One of the approaches to refuel electric scooters is to swap batteries at a battery swapping station. The advantage of this approach is that it takes only minutes or seconds to complete. Backup batteries may also be stored in scooters to extend their driving range. This study focuses on electric scooters adopting the battery swapping approach. As the efficiency of refueling is one of the main concerns of electric scooter users, this study develops a discrete-event system simulation model for the battery swapping systems of electric scooters, which include scooter users, batteries, and swapping stations. The model can be used to analyze the performance of battery swapping systems. In a numerical example, the simulation model is applied to optimize the location and capacity of swapping stations. A sensitivity analysis is conducted to further understand the effects of factors such as budget, power threshold of swapping batteries, power consumption rates, and battery charging rates on the locations of swapping stations. The simulation model is shown to have the potential to aid the planning and design of electric scooter systems and benefit the popularization of electric scooters.

關鍵字

Electric scooters ； Location problem ； Battery swapping system ； Genetic algorithm ； Discrete-event system simulation ； Stochastic programming

並列摘要

機車為臺灣的主要運輸工具之一，近年來隨著環保意識的抬頭，政府致力於電動機車的普及化，然而，電動機車之行駛續航力較傳統運具為低，使用者在一段使用期間內就必須進行補給能源，因此，電動機車能源補充之方便對於其普及有極大影響。電池交換為電動機車能源補給的常見方式之一，其優點為能源補給僅需數分鐘甚至是數秒，車上亦可以存放備用電池以提昇續航力。由於補助能源的方便與否為使用者選擇電動機車的重要考量，本研究以電池交換形式之電動機車為主要研究對象，建構電動機車電池交換系統（包含：電動機車使用者、電池、以及電池交換站）之離散型事件模擬模式，可用於分析評估系統之運作效能。本研究之案例測試係以模擬模式為基礎，進行電池交換站的位置以及容量之最佳化，最後進行敏感度分析，以了解預算、換電池門檻、電力消耗率、充電率等因素對充電站選址之影響，結果顯示本研究所建構之模擬模式具有輔助電動機車系統之各項規劃設計評估工作之潛力，有助於電動機車之推廣與普及。

並列關鍵字

電動機車 ； 選址問題 ； 換電系統 ； 基因演算法 ； 離散事件系統模擬 ； 隨機規劃

參考文獻

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