供應鏈供需協調機制與決策支援模式

Supply-Demand Coordination Mechanism and Modeling for Supply Chain Management

郭瑞祥(R.S. Guo) ； 蔣明晃(David M. Chiang) ； 劉婉儀(W.I. Liu) ； 劉基全(J.C. Liou)

《臺大管理論叢》 13卷1期 (2002/12) Pp. 1-30

https://doi.org/10.6226/NTURM2002.13.1.1

摘要

本研究針對兩供應鏈上下游之協調機制：持續補貨規劃系統(CRP)及供應商管理存貨系統(VMI)，建構線性規劃模式，分析其與現今依一般經驗法則分配之差異，以驗證其績效，並找出影響差異之環境因子影響效果，作為管理者在營運上之參考。協調機制以線性規劃模型加以系統化的描述，在追求供應鏈單期平均總成本最小的目標下，同時考慮訂單（在VMI模式中沒有此限制）、供應商產能及彼此之存貨水準等限制，求出最適之分配量。配合實驗設計的手法，選定需求相關性、需求變異數、前置期間及零售商存貨系統之服務水準做為環境因子，設計不同的情境，並建立以經驗法則分配且資訊不足之參考模式作為比較基準。根據蒙地卡羅模擬及反應曲面法之結果分析，CRP決策支援模式與VMI決策支援模式的表現都比參考模式為佳，不論在供應鏈總成本與訂單變異性等方面都有所改善，顯示資訊透明化與最佳化機制發揮其功效；本研究亦同時探討成本節省之效果與環境因子的關聯性，並闡述其管理上的意義。

關鍵字

決策支援模式 ； 持續補貨規劃系統 ； 供應商管理存貨系統

並列摘要

In a supply chain, demands very often don't match with supplies due to the insufficient information between the retailers and wholesalers. To overcome this inefficiency, coordination mechanisms such as Continuous Replenishment Planning (CRP) and Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) are usually adopted. In this research, decision support models based on mathematical programming techniques and built on the coordination mechanisms of CRP and VMI are developed. With the developed models, the optimal values of decision factors can be decided with the objective of minimizing the total supply chain cost. To verify the models' performance under different scenarios, experimental design and Monte Carlo simulations are conducted, and results are quantified using Response Surface Methodology. The results of the study show that both models result in lower cost and lower order variability in all scenarios than a reference case of no coordination mechanism. In addition, the cost reductions are correlated with the scenario factors of demand correlation, demand variability, lead time and service level. The managerial implications are discussed.

並列關鍵字

Decision support model ； Continuous Replenishment Planning CRP ； Vendor Managed Inventory VMI

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