最適出口財品質政策

Optimal Quality Policy for Exports

陳芳岳(Fang-Yueh Chen) ； 沈采瑱(Tsai-Chen Shen)

《經濟論文叢刊》 33卷4期 (2005/12) Pp. 263-294

https://doi.org/10.6277/ter.2005.334.2

摘要

本文探討各國貿易財品質政策的制定順序與協商模式對其福利之意涵。我們證明出口國在品質政策制定上有先後之別時，在價格（數量）競爭中，優先國最適政策為設定出口財品質上（下）限，追隨國則以自由放任為最佳策略。我們也證明在價格競爭中，只有兩出口國協商下的最適政策是對高（低）品質出口財實施品質下（上）限政策；而在數量競爭中，出口國則皆應對出口財實行品質上限政策。在福利方面，如果只有出口國協商品質政策，高品質產品出口國的福利會上升，但低品質出口國的福利則維持在自由貿易時的水準。如果進出口國可以共同協商出口財品質政策，則在價格競爭中只有進口國的福利會提升，在數量競爭狀況中各國的福利都只能與自由貿易時的水準相同。最後我們得證，在價格競爭時，進口國與全世界的福利在進出口國可以共同協商時的水準最高，而高品質產品出口國福利則在只有出口國參與協商時最高；而在數量競爭時，高低品質產品出口國的福利狀況與價格競爭類似，但是進口國及世界總福利則以政策制定有先後之別時的福利水準最高。

關鍵字

品質內生化 ； 最適出口品質控管

並列摘要

We explore the welfare implications of export quality policy in which trading countries decide sequentially or negotiate over their policy on standards. We prove that in price (quantity) competition, the country producing high quality should set a quality ceiling (minimum standard) on exports. We also show that if exporting countries alone negotiate the standard, then in price competition the optimal policy is to put a minimum standard (quality ceiling) on high-quality (low-quality) exports. In quantity competition, the optimal policy is to impose a quality ceiling on all kinds of exports. We further prove that the case in which only exporting countries negotiate gives the high-quality country the highest welfare among alternatives. Finally, we find that in price competition, collective negotiation among all trading countries is the best mode of policy-making for global welfare; but in quantity competition, the importing countries' global welfare reaches its optimum when the high-quality country acts as the policy-making leader.

並列關鍵字

endogenous quality ； optimal export quality control

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