資產結構與最適公司化政策：以臺灣鐵路管理局爲例

我國鐵路事業改革方法，係採用公司化方式以完成民營化的階段性目標。在公司化之前，鐵路局除了負擔公共運輸責任及龐大現金債務，並管理爲數眾多的各項資產，但卻受限鐵路法及國有公用土地不得處分收益等因素，遲遲未能有效開發利用。因此，本文首先藉由公司化政策談起，在不同政策架構下，將足以影響鐵路公司資產的持有狀況，續藉由資產結構推導目標函數，進而歸納資產全數移交政府接管將可有助於清理歷史債務並提高社會福利與資產目標函數。換言之，過去部分文獻雖然論證以「車路合一」模式推動公司化政策仍有累積盈餘之潛力，但本文利用自償率分析資產結構與法令規範之間關係，則推論認爲「車路分離」模式更能客觀建構資產、債務、補貼負擔之財政架構，甚至創造較爲豐厚的資產報酬，以避免鐵路事業公司化政策轉變成爲政府永無止境的財政負擔。

關鍵字

公司化；資產結構；自償率

並列摘要

Corporatization is one of the ways in which to bring about privatization in restructuring state owned enterprises. In the case of Taiwan Railway Administration, although the railway administration authority shouldered public transportation responsibility and huge debts, multi real estate was not effectively developed because of factors such as limitations from the railway act and the liquidation of public facilities and state-owned land. This article first discusses how different formats of corporation policy affect the efficient utilization of assets. Asset structure theory is used to set up asset objective function. It can be seen that the handing over of all assets to the government could clean up historical debts and enhance social welfare and asset utilization. In other words, although some literature maintains that the ”infrastructure model” has potential for earnings accumulation, based on the use of the Self-liquidation ratio to identify the relationship between asset structure and government regulation, the induction of ”road model” could restructure asset/debt and subsidy. This would even create a richer property return, thus avoiding railway operation solely being the government's financial burden.