人類安全概念之形塑：建構主義的詮釋

Shaping the Concept of Human Security: A Constructivist Interpretation

蔡育岱(Yu-Tai Tsai) ； 譚偉恩(Wei-En Tan)

《政治科學論叢》 37期 (2008/09) Pp. 49-93

https://doi.org/10.6166/TJPS.37(49-93)

摘要

在安全研究的基本態度上，應儘可能透過思考與質疑，才有可能裨益安全問題的理解和解決。至於方法上，本文的認知是，人類一切正常行爲的目標就是安全利益的追求。一種新安全概念的形成，事實上就是反應既有安全概念或相關理論之不足。因此，形塑一個新安全概念的用意在於，如何透過概念的倡導與觀念的修正來幫助人類自己更有效、經濟而且衡平的得到所希望追求的安全利益，並且還要符合時代的發展趨勢。 國際關係雖然是客觀存在的，但是並非完全以物質型態呈現，因爲「有形」或「客觀」的呈現方式可能會具有「無形」或「主觀」之理念訴求。本體論上採納客體與物質主義的主流國際關係理論，容易成爲少數能動者鞏固其既得權力與利益的工具，忽略安全文化的內容是被建構與可以改變的事實，而且在維持現狀秩序的同時對公平正義的問題少有考量。本文嘗試以建構主義詮釋人類安全此種異於傳統安全的新概念，希望在長期所習慣的傳統安全思維裡，帶動些許能動者之間的平等與合理互動。

關鍵字

建構主義 ； 人類安全 ； 傳統安全 ； 安全利益 ； 共有知識

並列摘要

The fundamental attitude toward security study should be one of constant questioning, as well as consideration of all possible perspectives. Only through such studies can we fully comprehend and resolve security related issues. As for how we go about this, in the author's opinion, all normal human activities are carried out in pursuit of the same goal-to seek the benefits of security. When a new security concept takes form, it actually reflects the insufficiency of current security concepts and related theories. Thus, the purpose of shaping a new concept of security is to help humankind more effectively, economically and equably pursue security interests in a way that suits the present time most.
International relationships exist as an objective fact, but are not entirely presented in tangible form. That is because both ”tangible” and ”objective” ways of interpreting such relationships may contain ”intangible” and ”subjective” demands from certain ideologies. Mainstream international relation theories that ontologically adapt materialism and objectivism are often used by a handful of agents. That handful of agents can easily use those tools to solidify their power and interests. Such theories ignore the fact that security cultures can be modified. Moreover, they often underestimate issues of justice and fairness when trying to maintain the status quo. This research aims to interpret and explain human security, a new concept that differs from traditional security, in the hope of bringing about equable and reasonable interaction amidst long established thinking on traditional security.

並列關鍵字

Constructivism ； Human Security ； Traditional Security ； Interest of Security ； Shared Knowledge

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