音樂情境對數學解題與認知負荷影響之研究

The Effect of Different Types of Music on Math Problem Solving and Cognitive Load

章佩玉(Pei-Yu Chang) ； 吳慧敏(Hui-Min Wu)

《教學科技與媒體》 95期 (2011/03) Pp. 17-35

摘要

本研究主要是探討不同背景音樂情境對數學解題與認知負荷的影響，自變項爲音樂情境（包括無音樂、古典音樂和流行音樂），依變項爲數學解題表現（解題率與正確率）和認知負荷（包括題目困難度、解題費力度、認真度及專心度）。研究一爲組間設計，對象爲88位國二學生；研究二爲組內設計，對象爲99位國三學生。此外，研究一亦蒐集受試者的音樂情境偏好。研究結果顯示：(1)不同音樂情境的解題表現之解題率與正確率均沒有明顯的差異。(2)在認知負荷的相關測量方面，研究一顯示在無音樂情境感知的解題費力度高於有音樂的情境，而古典音樂與流行音樂情境感知的解題費力度，無明顯的差異，但三種音樂情境在其它的認知負荷測量皆無顯著差異；研究二則顯示不同的音樂情境在認知負荷的測量均無明顯的差異。(3)受試者最喜歡播放流行音樂的工作情境，最不喜歡無音樂的工作情境，但受試者亦自覺在無音樂工作情境最專心，在流行音樂工作情境最分心。

關鍵字

數學解題 ； 認知負荷 ； 音樂偏好 ； 背景音樂

並列摘要

This research aimed to explore the effect of music types on math problem solving and cognitive load. The independent variable was music types (no music, classical music and popular music), and the dependent variables were the math problem solving performance (proportion answered and proportion correct) and cognitive load (difficulty level, mental effort, earnest level and concentration level). Two studies were conducted. Study 1 was a between-group experimental design and the participants were 88 eighth graders; Study 2 was a within-subject experimental design and the participants were 99 ninth graders. In addition, in Study 1 a questionnaire survey was conducted after the experiment to collect information on the participants' preferred music environment when solving problems. The major results of the two studies were as followed: (1) There was no significant difference in math problem solving performance (proportion correct and proportion answered) among different music types. (2) The result of Study 1 showed the participants perceived higher mental effort when solving problems in the no music condition than in the music conditions, but there was no significant difference between the two music conditions. However, the rest of the cognitive load measures were not significant. In Study 2, none of the cognitive load measures were significant among the three music conditions. (3) Most participants liked working with popular music the most and disliked working with no music the most, but they also realized that they were most concentrated in the no music condition, and most distracted in the popular music condition.

並列關鍵字

Math problem solving ； Cognitive load ； Music preference ； Background music

參考文獻

李明蒨（2008 年8 月28 日）。鼓樂按摩，消暑去煩躁。聯合報，E2 版。

吳瑞源、吳慧敏(2008)。動畫教材之學習者控制播放模式與多媒體組合形式對學習成效與學習時間影響之研究。師大學報：科學教育類。53(1)，1-26。

林珍如譯、夏荷立譯、Campbell, D.(1999)。莫札特效應：音樂身心靈療法。台北:先覺。

柯秀頻(2003)。音樂訓練對語音環容量的影響(碩士論文)。國立中正大學心理研究所。

徐易稜(1991)。多媒體呈現方式對學習者認知負荷與學習成效之影響研究(碩士論文)。國立中央大學資訊管理學系。