不對稱地位的法制化強固：NPT建制核武國核保防特權的深化與影響

Legalized Solidification of the Asymmetrical Status: Strengthening and Impacts of the Nuclear Safeguards Privileges for the Nuclear-Weapon States in the NPT Regime

曾雅真(Yea-Jen Tseng)

《政治學報》 72期 (2021/12) Pp. 1-42

https://doi.org/10.6229/CPSR.202112_(72).0001

摘要

國家間的不對稱地位，是國際社會的重要特徵。國際條約的談判定稿、簽署、批准，以及生效的法制化過程，反映締約國對某些概念或對於彼此相對地位的合意（consent），它是國家肯認（recognition）的重要指標。國際核不擴散條約（Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, NPT）透過核保防（nuclear safeguards）協議暨其附加議定書的法制化路徑，差異化核武國與非核武國核保防的權利暨義務。國際鈾濃縮中心（International Uranium Enrichment Center）核燃料銀行（fuel bank）的法制化，肯認俄羅斯自願核保防協定的例外，對非核武國施加額外的核保防制約，再度強固核武國的國際優勢地位。核保防協議是全球核不擴散建制（nuclear non-proliferation regime）的核心機制，它是肯認某些強權具備國際不對稱地位的法制化典範。研究發現，國際造法的法制化過程，可以利於國際差序地位的固化。生效暨遵循核不擴散條約暨各種核保防協議，不但突顯國際原子能總署（International Atomic Energy Agency, IAEA）核保防建制反映的國際地位不對稱現象，並且進一步產出強權國際地位強固效果，是對於NPT建制產出國際差序地位的持續肯認。

關鍵字

地位 ； 肯認 ； 核不擴散 ； 核保防 ； 核燃料銀行

並列摘要

Asymmetrical status is an important character in the international society. The legalization process of negotiation, drafting, signature, ratification and entering into force of the international convention reflect the consent that contracting states agreed to certain ideas or their relative status, it is an important indication to state’s recognition. With the legalization of the nuclear safeguards agreement as well as the additional protocol, the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) differentiated the rights and duties between the nuclear weapon states and the non-nuclear weapon states. The legalization of the International Uranium Enrichment Center (IUEC) fuel bank recognized the exception of Russia's voluntary offer safeguards agreement, imposed additional safeguards constraints on the non-nuclear weapon states, and solidified the international supreme status. The nuclear safeguards agreement is the core of the NPT regime. It is the legalization example for recognizing that certain great powers possess international asymmetrical status. This paper discovered that legalization process of the international law-making is promoting the solidification of the international hierarchical status. The coming into force and the compliance with the NPT and its relative nuclear safeguards agreements showed the asymmetry of the international status and produced solidification effectiveness to the international great power status. It is the continuous recognition to the international hierarchical status.

並列關鍵字

Status ； Recognition ； Nuclear Non-Proliferation ； Nuclear Safeguards ； Fuel Bank

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