本調查計畫乃針對福山試驗林區之土壤進行調查,除了建立土壤等相關資料外,並研究該林區內各環境因子,包括氣候,母質,地形,地勢,植生等,對土壤之影響及其化育作用。調查結果顯示:1.本試驗林區土壤母質以變質頁岩為主,主要種類有紅色硬質頁岩及板岩二種。2.本試驗區地勢上除含小面積之平坦區外(山頂,稜線,鞍部,山問台地及河床地等),大部份均為陡至極陡之地形。3.本地區之土壤化育主受母質,高雨量及地形等因子之影響,是故在較平坦地區其化育作用較穩定,有粘粒下移積聚現象,尢其在紅色硬頁岩母質地區更為明顯。4.其土壤性質一般而言為:土壞呈強酸性反應 (PH:3.8-5.0);底土有機質呈中等含量(2-5%);可交換性陽離子(尢其鈣,鎂含量均很低)及陽離子交換容量屬較低狀態;極育土之土壤中之鐵,鋁以游離態為主,其受淋洗作用而有往下移動之現象。5.本地區土壤調查結果其繪圖單位共有永春里系(Ycl),南蘇澳山系(Nsa),大湖桶系(Ths),淋漓山系(Lli),冷水坑系(Lsk),百韜系(Pta),雜地(ML)等七個;若參照美國分類則可歸類至簡育濕潤極育土(Hapludults);低鹽基淡色弱育土(Dystrochrepts);濕潤砂質新成土(Udipsamments);濕潤正常新成土(Udorthents)等亞土類。
A soil survery project w conducted in the 1000 ha hardwood-dominated forest area of Fu-Shan. Parent material, high precipitation and steep relief are the major factors controlling soil genesis. The day accumulated in the lower part of the pedon indicated that strong soil illuviation processes were occurred In the flat relief, especially in the area with the parent material of red-hardish shale. In general, the soil in Fu-Shan is strongly acidic (pH 3.8-5.0), and with medium quantity of organic matter in sublayer (2-5%), low CEO (cation exchangable capacity) and low base saturation percentage in the whole pedons. There is a strong illuviation process for free iron and free aluminum in the pedons of Ulisols. The soil in Fu-Shan can be classified into Hapludults, Dystrochrepts, Udipsamments and Udorthents, respectively, according to Keys to Soil Taxonomy (USDA, 1992). Seven soil mapping units were used for the entire area.