土窯炭化溫度對桂竹竹炭真密度與電阻係數之影響

Effects of Carbonization Temperatures in an Earthen Kiln on the True Density and Electric Resistivity of Makino Bamboo Charcoal

黃國雄(Gwo-Shyong Hwang) ； 余欣怡(Hsin-Yi Yu) ； 鳥羽曙(Akemi Toba)

《台灣林業科學》 19卷3期 (2004/09) Pp. 237-245

https://doi.org/10.7075/TJFS.200409.0237

摘要

本研究將桂竹鋸製成長度100cm後，利用土窯燒製成竹炭，土窯之寬度為2.8m、長度為2.8m，窯頂成拱形、其高度為1.4m。在窯內中央與後方離地面高10cm與90cm處，分別以熱電偶測定炭化溫度。為了探討窯內炭化溫度之分布對竹炭性質之影響，於竹炭不同高度之部位取樣後，進行真密度與電阻係數之測試，並檢討兩者之關係。
由炭化過程之結果得知窯內各測定點之溫度曲線不同，在窯內中央與後方之竹材，位於上層者之炭化較下層者早且快速，炭化終了時窯內最高溫達710℃約為煙囪出口溫度之2倍。竹材經炭化後其高度縮短至81cm。由於土窯內炭化溫度之不一致，竹炭之真密度與電阻係數在高度方向之不同部位者，其差異明顯，然竹炭電阻係數隨其真密度增大而明顯減小，即兩者之間呈負相關關係。

關鍵字

桂竹 ； 竹炭 ； 真密度 ； 電阻係數

並列摘要

In this study Makino bamboo (Phyllostachys makinoi) was cut to 100cm in length for charcoal making in an earthen kiln. The kiln was 2.8m wide, 2.8m long, 1.4m high with an arch- type ceiling. The carbonization temperatures on a line of height of 10 and 90cm above the kiln floor in the central and rear parts were respectively measured using a K-type thermocouple. In order to investigate the properties of bamboo charcoal affected by the carbonization temperature distribution in the earthen kiln, true density and electric resistivity tests were performed for specimens sampled from the different heights of the bamboo charcoal.
From the results of the processes of carbonization temperatures at each measured point in the earthen kiln, curves of different temperatures were obtained. The carbonization of bamboo in the center and rear in the upper part occurred earlier and was more rapid than that in the lower part. The highest temperature in the kiln at the end of carbonization reached 710℃ which was about 2 times as high as the outlet of the smoke stack. The height of the bamboo charcoal shrank to 81cm. Because of variations in the carbonization temperatures in the kiln, the true density and electric resistivity of the bamboo charcoal showed obvious differences with height. However, a negative relationship between true density and electric resistivity for bamboo charcoal was observed.

並列關鍵字

Makino bamboo ； bamboo charcoal ； true density ； electric resistivity