貧窮家戶中原住民族女性之社會排除經驗：以南投縣仁愛鄉為例

本研究旨在探究貧窮原住民族女性之社會排除經驗，及以其獨特之原住民族文化所孕育出的貧窮因應行為與面對態度。透過深度訪談十六位居住於南投縣仁愛鄉貧窮家戶中的原住民族女性，以理解族群及性別因素在原住民族女性貧窮的歷程中所扮演的角色。研究結果顯示，因族群及性別所產生之教育及就業排除經驗，是最值得關注的核心議題。教育及就業的排除造成原住民族女性較高的貧窮風險；反之，物質的剝奪（貧窮）也會強化原住民族女性被排除的可能性。對於原住民族女性來說，族群與性別因素所產生的社會排除與物質剝奪（貧窮）是相互加強、難以分割的。本研究同時發現，相較於性別角色，原住民族女性因族群身分所導致的資源剝奪與歧視，對她們的弱勢處境有更深的影響。藉由本研究所呈現貧窮家戶中原住民族女性之社會排除經驗，建議政府建構能回應原住民族需求的社會機制、積極滿足原鄉醫療及基礎建設需求、並於政策及措施納入性別觀點，以逐步化解原住民族女性所處的層層社會排除網絡。

關鍵字

原住民族；女性；貧窮；社會排除

並列摘要

This research explores Taiwanese indigenous women's life experience of facing poverty and social exclusion, and their corresponding behaviors and attitudes induced by their culture. Through interviewing 16 indigenous women of low-income households in Renai Township, Nantou County, this study aims to realize the roles gender and ethnicity play in their experience of poverty and social exclusion. The study reveals that the exclusion of education and employment caused by their gender and ethnicity is the core issue of concern. Being excluded means indigenous women have higher risk of falling into poverty; material deprivation (poverty), on the other hand, enhances their possibility of being excluded. For indigenous women, material deprivation (poverty) and social exclusion are mutually reinforcing and inseparable. This study also found that, in comparison with indigenous women's gender role, the deprivation and discrimination caused by their ethnicity have a deeper impact on their disadvantageous living conditions. It is suggested that the government should construct a welfare system that could properly respond to the need of indigenous women, actively eliminate gaps in healthcare services and infrastructure between the indigenous regions and the larger society, and assess the existing policy on indigenous peoples incorporating a gender perspective, so as to break the layers of social exclusion network.