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摘要


根據許多研究及科學的證據顯示,抽菸和肺部、心血管、甚至是中風等病變有極大的關連,不但如此它對口腔內組織的影響,研究顯示抽菸會抑制局部免疫系統、造成口腔菌叢組成改變、牙齦及牙周組織破壞使牙周治療效果不佳。因此本文將以文獻回顧方式探討抽菸對全身系統的影響以及它在口腔和牙周組織的變化作一深入探討,以釐清抽煙與牙周疾病之間的關係。

並列摘要


Smoking is most strongly associated with lung disease, followed by cardiovascular disorder and stroke. The effects of smoking have been studied extensively during the past several years and the scientific evidence suggests a very strong association between local immunologic system, oral microbiology, gingival tissue status, periodontal tissue loss and severity of periodontitis. Detailed information will be presented in this paper.

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