運動禁藥―鴉片類緣物

鴉片類緣物包含鴉片、嗎啡、海洛因、可待因，此類物質經人體服用後，會於尿液中代謝出屬於運動禁藥之嗎啡，而鴉片與可待因並非世界反運動禁藥機構(WADA)所列之運動禁藥，因此使用後的辨別相當重要。我國經由衛生署所許可醫療使用及販售之合法醫療藥品中，含有鴉片類緣物的嗎啡、鴉片、可待因成分的商品數量分別有16種、26種、189種，一般可用尿液中之6-乙醯嗎啡的存在與否來區別是否使用海洛因，其餘可用嗎啡濃度、可待因濃度與嗎啡與可待因的比值來做區別。本文介紹含有鴉片類緣物之相關之市售藥品的成分及特性，並比較使用不同鴉片類緣物後尿液中嗎啡與可待因成分之差異，提供區辨之方式，以供運動員參考。

關鍵字

鴉片；嗎啡；可待因；海洛因；嗎啡／可待因比值

並列摘要

Opium analogues include opium, morphine, heroin and codeine. The morphine can be detected in urine after opium analogues administering. However, the opium and codeine are not prohibited substances under the rule of World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). Therefore, it is important to differentiate the source of morphine in the urine. Many legal medicines which approved by the Department of Health contain opium analogues. The kinds of commercial medicine containing morphine, opium, or codeine were 16, 26 and 189, respectively. Generally, the 6-acetylmorphine in urine can be used to differentiate the heroin abuse or other opium analogues use. Moreover, the concentration of morphine and codeine as well as morphine/codeine ratio may be used to distinguish the source of different opium analogues. The article introduces the ingredients and characteristics of the commercial products of opium analogues. It also provides the information for athlete to compare the differences of urinary morphine and codeine after opium analogues administering.