論城市街道命名

命名是大事，無論是對個人或是對街道。就個人而吉，命名是家族中輩分最高或最尊貴者的特權，姓名要隨著人生數十年，不宜輕易更動，因為涉及個人證件與資料的核對與有效性，因此命名時要考慮諸多因素。就街道而言，其存在可能千百年，街名或路名涉及許多人的共同記憶、歷史記載、地址杏核與信件投遞，甚至影響房地產價格，更不宜隨便更改，所以要慎始。街道命名與街道型式(pattern)。密切相關，棋盤式的街道型式與系統性的街道命名結合，其效果最佳，輻射式的街道型式或不規則的街道型式不易與街道命名發揮綜效(synergy)。考慮周到的街道命名能夠提供用路人最好的方便性，所以與都市交通關係密切。街道命名的考慮因素很多，可以概分為主要考慮因素與次要考慮因素。主要考慮因素有方位性、方向性、擴張性、系統性、國際性與友善性等。次要考慮因素有政治性、文化性、歷史性與紀念性等。本文將深入闡述以上各主要與次要因素，並進行分析。本文以實例比較古今中外街道命名之異同。東方以北京與台北為例，西方以美國的華府與紐約為例，並就比較結果提出建議，作為未來都市街道命名之參考準則。

關鍵字

街道；命名

並列摘要

Naming a street, like naming a child, is a great responsibility. Our names typically stay with us for our entire lives and street names might remain unchanged for hundreds of years. Street names must be carefully considered as they do not readily change － they become part of a collective memory among residents and have far-reaching impact, even on real estate prices. Street names and street patterns tend to be interrelated, often creating a synergy effect in grid plans. This article examines the primary and secondary aspects of street naming. Street naming schemes of Beijing, Taipei, Washington DC, and New York City are introduced. Ancient and modern approaches to street naming in both East and West are discussed to propose recommendations for future reference.