從涓滴理論觀點探討成功的競技運動對全民運動參與人口之影響

The impact of success at the elite level on participation in sport for all from the perspective of the trickle-down effect

曾自強(Tzu-Chiang Tseng) ； 林郁婷(Yu-Ting Lin)

《輔仁大學體育學刊》 20期 (2021/07) Pp. 191-201

摘要

為能贏得國際大型運動賽會的獎牌，各國紛紛增加競技運動的公共支出。因此，競技運動向來是體育運動政策的主流，更是扮演帶動其他運動產業的火車頭。成功的競技運動表現一直被認為能夠提升大眾參與運動的人數，而此種正向效果被稱為涓滴效應。本文回顧相關文獻發現，雖有研究證實涓滴效應的存在，惟該效應無法有延續性的效果，僅能短暫刺激運動的參與人數。此外，部分研究指出，即便該運動項目獲得卓越的競技表現，仍無法有效地增加該運動項目的參與人口。目前涓滴效應的相關研究仍處於初始階段，期望本文的文獻回顧能俾利後續研究之發展。

關鍵字

金牌效應 ； 成功競技表現 ； 運動參與人口

並列摘要

Increasing the spending in elite sports is believed to be attributed to achieving elite success at international sports competitions. Hence, elite sports have always been outweighing others of sports policies, and it is expected to acts as a locomotive to drive the development of other sports industries. That successful elite sports performance is beneficial to raising the rates of participation in sport for all which is known as trickledown effect. This research reviews relevant literature and finds that limits of evidence supports that succussing in elite sporting activities is able to increase physical activity and improve participation in sport for all. The trickle-down effect has been utilized to investigate the relationship between elite sporting success and participation in sport for all. Previous studies indicate that despite that successful sports performance is able to improve participation in sport for all, the stimulation remains short-term rather than a long-term and lasting effect. Moreover, some of the literature also argues that though some specific sports have won medals at major sporting events, it may not effectively improve participation in sport for all. In conclusion, the concept of trickle-down effects has only recently entered the sports management discourse. This literature review is hoped to facilitate the development of future research.

並列關鍵字

Gold medal effect ； elite sporting success ； participation in sport for all

參考文獻

教育部體育署 (2013)。體育政策白皮書。臺北市：教育部體育署。

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