荒原？試論臺灣自然書寫中的「濕地」

Wasteland? Discussing about How "Wetlands" Be Described in Taiwanese Nature Writing

吳明益(Ming-Yi Wu)

《中國現代文學》 20期 (2011/12) Pp. 131-151

https://doi.org/10.29980/MCL.201112.0007

摘要

做為一個自然書寫的研究者，這幾年我始終反覆思考幾個方向論述的拓展：一是對自然導向文學、自然書寫、環境書寫相關詞義的再釐清，以及對臺灣相關書寫發展的變動持續關注。二是以臺灣戰後小說及詩文本為對象，持續探索這些文本潛存的「自然意識」或「環境倫理觀」。三是對於特定環境或地景的書寫意涵進行探討，第四則是對原住民族漢語文學中的自然意識進行討論。本文即是對第三項議題的初步探討。由於濕地做為一個過去較未在自然科學研究或文學上獨立討論的地景，因此有時這類地景的描寫被歸在海洋文學中，部分則被視同如河流書寫。特別是海洋文學，往往因定義不同而指涉的作品範疇，亦隨之有異。但當將描述海岸的文本收納進海洋文學的時候，我們即可發現「濕地」在自然書寫者筆下生態形象鮮明、環境意識強烈，但在一般的文學作品中則否。本文試圖針對臺灣自然書寫者劉克襄、洪素麗、吳永華書寫濕地的作品做一初步論述，未來將連綴起臺灣文學中描述海洋經驗、河流經驗的作品，形成對臺灣文學筆下「水意識」的完整討論。

關鍵字

劉克襄 ； 洪素麗 ； 吳永華 ； 自然書寫 ； 自然導向文學 ； 濕地 ； 生態批評

並列摘要

To the study about nature writing in Taiwan, I have believed that for the past several years there are some areas of this field waiting to be developed. The first need is to clarify the definitions of nature-oriented writing, nature writing, and environmental writing. The second is to use Taiwanese postwar novels and poetry as research subjects and continue to explore hidden ”nature consciousness” or ”environmental ethics” in these texts. The third is to investigate the meanings of writings which are about the specific environment and landscapes. Finally, the fourth is to discuss nature consciousness in the native Taiwanese Han language literature. This essay is a preliminary study regarding the third topic.In the past, wetlands are not really an independent topic in the study of natural science or literature, so that sometimes the descriptions concerning this kind of landscapes are included in ”sea writing / literature” or ”river writing / literature” in Taiwan. Especially when the texts about coasts are included in the former, we can find out that wetlands' ecological image is much more vivid and the environmental consciousness is much stronger in nature writing than in general literature. The preliminary discussion on the works regarding wetlands of Liu Ka-Shiang (劉克襄), Hung Su-Li (洪素麗) and Wu Yung-Hua (吳永華) has been made in this essay. For the future, I have a plan to connect the works concerning the experience of oceans and rivers all together to form a complete study on ”the water consciousness” of Taiwanese literature.

並列關鍵字

Nature Writing ； Nature-Oriented Literature ； wetland ； Eco-criticism ； Liu Ka-Shiang ； Hung Su-Li ； Wu Yung-Hua

參考文獻

吳明益(2010)。戀土、覺醒、追尋，而後棲居：台灣生態批評與自然導向文學發展的幾點再思考。台灣文學研究學報。10，205-248。

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