探訪幼兒教育的神秘花園－華德福幼稚園

Visiting the Mysterious Garden of Young Children Education-Waldorf Kindergarten

黃麗鳳(Lee-Feng Huang)

《幼兒保育學刊》 7期 (2009/08) Pp. 45-62

https://doi.org/10.6433/JCC.200908.0045

摘要

由於華德福教育所依據的「人智學」艱深難懂，再加上能夠親臨教學現場的人不多，所以華德福教育一直披著神秘面紗。經由一次兩星期的見習，研究者有機會觀察一家德國華德福幼稚園老師的現場工作。本文以觀察紀錄、見習日誌和對兩位老師非正式訪談收集資料，據此對華德福幼兒教育理念和實踐間的關係進行剖析，共歸納出華德福幼稚園的幼兒教育的六個重點：
1.營造利於感官發展和學習的環境
2.利用「身教」，啟動孩子模仿動機
3.讓孩子成為活動的主導者，以培養孩子意志力
4.以簡單、低結構的東西啟發幼兒的創造力
5.辨認每孩子的氣質，並因材施教
6.提供孩子重複和規律的活動，以培養身心平衡的孩子。
本文在描述華德福教育的理念轉變為實際工作的歷程中也對對台灣幼兒教育狀況作出反思，並在最後提出華德福幼兒教育中一些值得台灣幼教師借鏡之處。

關鍵字

幼兒教育 ； 華德福教育 ； 人智學

並列摘要

The anthroposophy-a base of Waldorf education-is difficult to understand and further just a few people visited the teaching process at Waldorf schools. There are two reasons why the Waldorf education is looked upon as mysterious. Thanks to two weeks probation in a German Waldorf Kindergarten the author could observe the teaching process on the spot. According to observation record, probation diary and informal interview to the both teachers collected the author the data and tried to analyze the relationship between theory and practice of Waldorf kindergarten. There are six points to emphasize:
1. Teachers are expected to construct an environment where children can learn with sense.
2. Teachers should be an exemplary person and encourage children to imitate acts and conduct of teachers.
3. Let children become a leader of their activities, in order to foster their willpower.
4. Teachers provide children simple things to inspire their creativity.
5. Teachers should recognize temperaments of every child in order to educate them individually.
6. Teachers provide children repeated activities so that children will obtain a balance between body and mind.
While the transformation of the Waldorf education ideas into the practice be described, it will be also tried to introspect the situation of young children education in Taiwan. Finally will be offered useful ideas of Waldorf young children education to the kindergarten teachers in Taiwan as reference.

並列關鍵字

preschool education ； waldorf education ； anthroposophy