An Individualization View on Gaps among the Youth Generation of Japan the Earning Differentials and Consciousness Differentials of the Young Generation from JGSS

正式員工與非正式員工、經濟富裕的父母親與經濟不富裕的父母親、個人經濟仰賴父母親與不仰賴父母親者之問不僅存在著薪資所得差距（量的差距），意識層面的希望差距（質的差距）也正不斷地持續擴大中，因而有可能形成年輕人的「新貧窮階級」。年輕人新貧窮階級不僅止於薪資所得的差距，同時更是意味著心裡層面的意識差距。在薪資所得差距上，「年齡」、「性別」的要素對個人的薪資所得有相當大的影響。此外，亦受到就業地位的影響。特別是正式員工與非正式員工間的差距最大，而其中又以部分時間工作者的薪資所得差距最大。在意識差距上，34歲以下者失業的可能性較高，35歲以上者失業的可能性則是較低。35歲以上者、與父親一起居住者、家庭經濟狀況良好者，對未來抱持著「希望感」。從就業地位觀之，正式員工中的一般員工、部分時間工作者、派遣員工則是對未來較不抱持「希望感」

關鍵字

個人化；所得差距；意識差距；階層歸屬意識；非正式員工

並列摘要

Not only earnings differentials (quantitative) but also widened hope differentials (qualitative) exists among regular employees and irregular employees, financially sufficient parents and financially insufficient parents, and economically dependent and economically independent youth. A ”New Poverty Generation” may appear among the youth. This generation has experienced not only earning differentials but also hope differentials in psychological terms. In terms of earning differentials, factors such as age and gender have had great impact. Furthermore, job positions are another important factor, in particular, the differentials between regular employees and irregular employees. Among them, part-time employees have the largest earnings differentials. In the respect of consciousness differentials, employees under the age of 34 are more likely to be laid off and those above 35 are less likely to be laid off. Those above 35 live with their fathers and having a fair economic status are shown to hold ”hope” for the future. In regards to job position, general employees, part-time employees and dispatched workers among regular workers have less ”hope” for the future.